Teratoma originates from pluripotent cells of two or more than two germ cell layers, and most of them are benign. Teratomas are found in the ovaries and testes. Retroperitoneal teratoma is rare, especially adrenal teratoma. Here, we describe a rare case of a 17-year-old woman who was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and a right adrenal mass at the age of eight. So, she received anti-tuberculosis treatment. Nine years later, chest X-rays showed prior lesions in both lungs, and abdominal CT showed the mass in the right adrenal gland was larger than before, during this period she had no clinical symptoms. She underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy, and the pathological diagnosis was a mature teratoma of the right adrenal gland. During a one-year follow-up, the patients recovered well without any discomfort.Thirty-two cases were found in the literature review, among which no patients had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Adrenal teratoma is often seen in females and the left adrenal gland. The imaging features of adrenal teratoma can be cystic, solid, and cystic solids. Mature fat and calcification can be seen in most teratomas. Comprehensive analysis of clinical features and imaging characteristics can enhance the diagnostic confidence of radiologists in adrenal teratoma.

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Angiomyolipoma (AML) is apparent a part of mesenchymal tumor arising from perivascular epithelioid cell origin. AML is formed of blood vessels, spindle and epithelioid cells, and mature adipocytes.Adrenal AML is very rare. Indeed, only 21 cases of adrenal AML have been reported in the English-language literature. In these cases, patients were usually asymptomatic, and AML was often examined passingly during a health checkup or a common abdominal ultrasound (US) or a computed tomography (CT) examination for a other unrelated disease. This is a case report of adrenal AML in a 40-year-old male who presented with no clinical manifestations. Some 3 months ago, a first abdominal routine CT scan revealed a left adrenal mass. Three months later, a routine US showed a hypoechoic area of 21 mm × 15 mm in the left adrenal gland. A retroperitoneoscopic resection of the left adrenal gland tumor was then performed. A postoperative histopathology report confirmed a benign AML composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and mature adipose tissue. The patient was discharged without event. Due to the paucity of the literature on this subject, more clinical and imaging information about this disease is necessary for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment. In this paper, we present a complete case report, including the clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, and conduct a review of the relevant literature.

Background: Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is a common pediatric idiopathic partial epilepsy syndrome. Children with RE display varying degrees of cognitive impairment. In epilepsy, age-related neuroanatomic and cognitive changes differ greatly from those observed in the healthy brain, and may be defined as accelerated brain aging. Connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) is a recently developed machine learning approach that uses whole-brain connectivity measured with neuroimaging data ("neural fingerprints") to predict brain-behavior relationships. The aim of the study will be to develop and validate a CPM for predicting brain age in patients with RE.Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study will be conducted in 5 Chinese hospitals. A total of 100 RE patients (including 50 patients receiving anti-epileptic drugs and 50 drug-naïve patients) and 100 healthy children will be recruited to undergo a neuropsychological test using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale.Magnetic resonance images will also be collected. CPM will be applied to predict the brain age of children with RE based on brain functional connectivity. Discussion:The findings of the study will facilitate our understanding of developmental changes in the brain in children with RE and could also be an important milestone in the journey toward developing effective early interventions for this disorder.

Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is a common pediatric epilepsy syndrome that has been widely reported to show abnormal brain structure and function. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying structural and functional changes remain largely unknown. Based on the structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 22 drug-naïve children with BECTS and 33 healthy controls, we conducted voxel-based morphology (VBM) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) analyses to compare cortical morphology and spontaneous brain activity between the 2 groups. In combination with the Allen Human Brain Atlas, transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlation analyses were applied to explore gene expression profiles associated with gray matter volume (GMV) and fALFF changes in BECTS. VBM analysis demonstrated significantly increased GMV in the right brainstem and right middle cingulate gyrus in BECTS. Moreover, children with BECTS exhibited significantly increased fALFF in left temporal pole, while decreased fALFF in right thalamus and left precuneus. These brain structural and functional alterations were closely related to behavioral and cognitive deficits, and the fALFF-linked gene expression profiles were enriched in voltage-gated ion channel and synaptic activity as well as neuron projection. Our findings suggest that brain morphological and functional abnormalities in children with BECTS involve complex polygenic genetic mechanisms.