Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a defect of diaphragm development which is characterized by herniation of the abdominal content into the chest resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension of various degrees. Mortality and sickness rates among survived children with this pathology remain high all over the world. Prenatal diagnostics of high quality will help to find neonates with severe CDH and promote mobilization of human and material resources for optimal management at the tertiary level of giving medical aid. Attention of specialists in prenatal ultrasound diagnostics should be drawn to the necessity of measuring observed/expected lung(to(head ratio and location of the liver in fetus. Optimal treatment of neonates during preoperative period is focused on mild ventilation, avoidance of oxygen toxicity, baro/volutrauma of a hypoplastic lung and cardiac support. Administration of pulmonary vasodilator therapy including inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporal membrane oxygenation is pathogenetically substantiated for patients with pulmonary hypertension, and surgical correction should be delayed till stabilization of patient's condition. Echocardiography is a critically important diagnostic method. It enables to determine severity of pulmonary hypertension and myocardial functional disorders, to find targeted systemic methods of treatment that improve hemodynamic function or decrease pulmonary vascular resistance. Considering an insufficient level of evidence of the existing international recommendations, large(scale multi(center randomized studies on investigation of the best methods to prevent, diagnose and treat neonates with CDH are essential. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: congenital diaphragmatic hernia; neonate; lung-to-head ratio; pulmonary hypertension; extracorporal membrane oxygenation.

Childhood and adolescence are important periods for developing healthy lifestyle habits.A sufficient level of physical activity has a positive effect on neurocognitive processes and ensuresthe psychological well-being of school-aged children. In its turn, attention and concentrationare key factors of the academic success, adaptation and everyday life of young peoplе.Objective – to study the impact of school health care programs on the peculiarities oflearning and processing of information in schoolchildren.Materials and methods. The work analyzed the results of a comprehensive examination of79 schoolchildren aged 11-12 years, some of them (32 persons) were involved in a specialhealth care school program. The research included an examination by pediatrician andophthalmologist, measurement of functional indices of the cardiorespiratory system,assessment of the speed of learning and processing of the text information by proofreading.Results. The result of the students’ participation in the school- based health promotioninterventions for one year was the improvement of the cardiorespiratory system indices.The state of active attention during information processing – the reading speed of thetest task on attention concentration was higher in children of the experimental group(111.1±4.4 words/min.), compared to the indicator of the control group (96.9±2.4 words/min) (p<0.05). The accuracy of performing special tests, the level of attention switching,the ability to switch to new tasks quickly were better in the experimental group.Conclusions. The school- based health promotion interventions with increased physicalactivity, implemented in the educational process throughout the year, contributes to theimprovement of both individual cardiorespiratory indices and intellectual functions forlearning and processing of the text information.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a defect of diaphragm development which in the majority of cases is associated with penetration of the abdominal organs into the chest. Purpose is to draw attention of pediatricians, general practitioners and family doctors, pediatric surgeons to the issue of timely diagnostics of congenital diaphragmatic hernia since its clinical signs are manifested in patients of a post-neonatal age. Clinical cases. The first review demonstrates a clinical case of a right false congenital diaphragmatic hernia of 6-month child with acute onset of the disease manifested by combination of respiratory disorders and pathological intestinal symptoms, visualization of intestinal loops in the right side of the chest. The second clinical case describes left false congenital diaphragmatic hernia of a 10-month child with subacute onset of the disease, prevailing pathological respiratory symptoms and visualization of the stomach in the left side of the chest. Due to timely diagnostic examination and surgery performed both patients were discharged home in a satisfactory condition. Conclusions. In spite of more favourable course of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in children older than 1 month of age, its development can be of a fulminant character and associated with danger for life. It stipulates the necessity to carry out an appropriate differential-diagnostic complex for all the infants with acute or chronic respiratory disorders and pathological intestinal symptoms including a competent interpretation of the results obtained after plan and contrast radiography of the thoracic and abdominal organs. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Infancy.

Arnold-Chiari malformation is a defectof the cervical-medullar transition characterized bydisplacement of the cerebellar tonsils and in a numberof cases when the stem and IV ventricle extend into theforamen magnum. There are four main types of pathology,and type II is found most often.The article presents a clinical case of type II ArnoldChiari malformation in siblings. The newborn girl born afterVII pregnancy and VII physiological delivery in the termof 39-40 weeks was under observation. US examination inthe terms of 20-21 and 34 weeks of gestation diagnoseda congenital developmental defect of the central nervoussystem characterized by a “lemon”-like shape of the brain,displacement of the brain structures in the portion of theforamen magnum, ventriculomegaly, a defect of the lumbarsacral portion with formation of hernia sac, and dropsy ofamnion. The family couple refused from interruption ofpregnancy and medical-genetic examination.The basic diagnosis of the child was congenitaldevelopmental defect of the central nervous system(type II Arnold-Chiari malformation: rachischisis andhydrocephalus) including complications such as inferiortorpid paraplegia and dysfunction of the pelvic organs.Investigation of hereditary anamnesis foundcompromised heredity on the mother’s side (her mother’ssibling has Down’s syndrome), and IV child in the familyis disabled from birth due to a congenital developmentaldefect of the central nervous system – type II Arnold-Chiarimalformation.The family couple refused from a comprehensivemedical-genetic consultation during the previous andcurrent pregnancies, and magnetic-resonance imaging ofthe child.