Soil erosion is a notable contributor to carbon emissions. Distributed erosion model can be used to study erosion distribution in different land cover, identify the main influential factors, and hence guide soil and water conservation. In this study, Regional Soil Erosion model (RSEM) was used to simulate the soil erosion processes of Jihe Basin in 2015, and the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) implementation was applied to compare the erosion regression of Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and MGWR as well as study the impact of influential factors on sediment modulus in hillslopes. The results are as follows: (1) MGWR results indicated slope was the dominant factors affecting soil erosion at the catchment scales, where the average coefficients of slope, forest coverage, and grass coverage descended in the value of 0.90, −0.11, and −0.19, and the influences of factors operate over scales; (2) MGWR with the adoptive bandwidths performed well in the goodness of fit, t-test of variables, scales that variables operate, and interactive interpretation of soil erosion; (3) the coupling effects and scales of vegetation and topography factors are an important approach to study soil erosion at a larger scale.

This paper uses a small watershed entity model to simulate the rainfall experiment and combines traditional water and sediment observation and terrain three-dimensional laser scanning technology to reveal the characteristics of erosion and sediment yield in small watersheds and the law of channel sediment transport and quantitatively describe the response mechanism of terrain changes in small watersheds to the layout of silt dams and rainfall intensity. Rainfall intensity with three types (30, 60, and 120 mm/h) under three soil conservation measure types (none dam, single dam, and double dams) was simulated, and a small watershed entity model was adopted. The changes in topography were recorded by a Focus 3D laser scanner (Faro) for each experiment. The main results were as follows: (1) Soil erosion under the effect of rainfall occurs on the slope of the watershed and in the gully, while deposition usually occurs on the gentle slope of the gully or in low-lying areas. (2) When the runoff volume is small, deposition occurs easily in the gully, and vice versa. (3) The increase in the number of silt dams deployed has a small effect on the rate of runoff yield on the small watershed, but the limitation on the rate of sand production is especially obvious. Silt dam measures have a good flood and sand reduction effect on small- and medium-intensity rain, but for high-intensity rain, their runoff and sand reduction effect will be reduced, so rainfall is the dominant factor in the formation of soil erosion. Our results provide the scientific basis for identifying key parts of soil erosion and for the rational arrangement of soil and water conservation measures in loess areas.