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Thermal energy storage and solar radiation management are crucial to improve the sustainability and energy efficiency of buildings. Compared with the implementation of phase change materials (PCMs) in opaque components, the energy saving potential of incorporating PCMs in transparent glazing windows is much less studied and not well understood. Here we present a comprehensive parametric study of novel PCM windows for building energy saving with a focus on optimizing and quantitatively distinguishing the contributions from the optical and thermal properties of the PCM, which is particularly useful for the design of solid-solid PCM windows. We investigate a reference commercial office building using EnergyPlus by developing an equivalent model of our PCM window that is compatible with EnergyPlus's modeling capabilities. Compared with a clearclear double-pane window, the integration of 3 mm solid-solid PCMs with optimal properties in warm, mixed, and cold climates can respectively save up to 17.2%, 14.0%, and 5.8% energy for the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system, and 9.4%, 6.7%, and 3.2% energy for the whole building. We also demonstrate that these energy savings are most sensitive to the solar absorptance of PCMs for all three climates. The optimal transition temperature varies with climate and is related to the climate and solar radiation heat gain. Other issues are also briefly discussed, such as hysteresis, window orientations, and the effect of interior lighting. Although the optimal PCM windows show energy saving performance comparable with low-emissivity windows, the PCM windows provide a unique advantage in terms of shifting HVAC loads which can provide benefits to the electrical grid. Nomenclature Notations Abbreviations/subscripts Thickness (m) CondFD Conduction finite difference Area (m 2 ) WWR Window-to-wall ratio

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Surface movement under the combined mining of open-pit and underground caving is the main problem affecting safe and efficient mining. Taking the combined mining of Dahongshan Iron Mine as an example, a mechanical model for calculating surface movement range was established to reveal the movement mechanism. The topography, the caving zone, the gravel filling of the caving zone and mining depth were considered, and the surface principal stress was calculated. Based on the mechanical model, the mechanical relationship between the subsidence angle and the surface cracking range was established and the definition of subsidence angle was supplemented: the subsidence angle is the angle measured from the horizontal of the moving boundary line, a straight line with zero displacement from the edge of the deepest extraction level to the surface and the largest surface cracking range. A trial calculation method for calculating the subsidence angle was proposed: by presetting different subsidence angles, the subsidence angle corresponding to the maximum surface prone cracking range calculated by mechanical model was found as the real subsidence angle. The subsidence angle calculated by the mechanical model was 60°, consistent with the observed subsidence angle of 64° in the Dahongshan Iron Mine, which verifies the reliability of the model.