The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a major public health emergency of international concern, resulting in a significant global disease burden. By September 1, 2022, there have been more than 600 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, and more than 6.4 million people globally have died following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1). The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly across the world, out-competing former variants soon after it was first detected in November 2021 (2).As the patients recovering from COVID-19 continue to increase, long-term symptoms of COVID-19 (long COVID) after discharge from hospital have been widely reported (3-7). Long COVID is defined as the presence of signs and symptoms that develop during or after an infection consistent with COVID-19 and that continue for more than 12 weeks (8). These symptoms include fatigue, a cough, myalgia, shortness of breath, loss of taste or smell, headaches, and dyspnea and they affect the neurological, nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems (3,5,9,10). One early study found that of patients who had recovered from acute COVID-19, 87.4% reported persistence of at least one symptom, and fatigue and dyspnea in particular, at 1 month follow-up after discharge (9). As follow-up studies continue to report, there are significant differences in the prevalence of longterm symptoms among patients with COVID-19 after discharge (7,11-14) (Supplemental Table S1, https:// www.globalhealthmedicine.com/site/supplementaldata. html?ID=61). The main reason may be that new variants appear to cause less severe acute illness than previous strains (2). However, the potential for large numbers of patients experiencing long COVID is a major concern, and healthcare and workforce planners rapidly need information to appropriately allocate resources.At the peak of the first wave of the outbreak in Shenzhen in 2022, a large number of asymptomatic and mild cases involving Omicron emerged. As described here, a cohort study based on a telephone interview collected data on the sequelae of an Omicron infection at 3 months. Results were compared to a follow-up (P1)

To the Editor: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection remains a serious and intractable public health problem worldwide. In 2020, there were 37.7 million surviving individuals with HIV infection worldwide and 680,000 HIV-related deaths reported by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (UNAIDS). [1] To combat the complex HIV epidemic, countries are exploring appropriate antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategies in accordance with actual conditions, striving to ensure that more patients can receive therapy. The initiation time of ART has been constantly adjusted throughout the past decade. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the concept of rapid initiation of ART in 2017, explicitly suggesting that HIV-positive individuals start ART within 7 days of diagnosis. [2] Studies have shown that rapid initiation can increase viral suppression and medication adherence [3] and reduce HIV transmission and fatality [4] ; thus, it is more advantageous than the conventional therapeutic strategy and contributes to promote HIV prevention and treatment. We collected clinical and cost data to construct decision tree models for costeffectiveness evaluation of different ART strategies. Our findings will support the rapid initiation of ART in China from the perspective of health economics and serve as a reference for the optimization of medical resource allocation.

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a key population for preventing HIV in China, yet pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not widely accepted in this population. The objective of this manuscript was to assessed the barriers in the acknowledgement and uptake focusing the demand side. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019. All participants were required to scan two-dimensional code which was the online crowdsourcing survey platform to complete the electronic questionnaire anonymously. Results Among 1915 MSM from thirty-four cities of China, 512 (26.7%) versus 1617 (84.4%) had an objective or subjective need of PrEP, respectively. One hundred and six (5.5%) reported affordability and only 23 (1.2%) had ever taken it. Age, living alone and occupation were associated with the objective needs. Age, income, sexual behavior were associated with actual usage. The participants who they had objective need to use PrEP are the population which we should focus on. Conclusion A wide disconnect exists among the objective need, willingness, affordability and uptake of PrEP. Cost was the most prevalent barrier, accounting for 78.22% of individuals who needed and wished for PrEP but finally failed to receive it. The findings might facilitate optimizing future allocation of resources to better promote PrEP in Chinese MSM.