Background： Neuroendocrine carcinoma mainly occurs in the lung and gastrointestinal tract, rarely in the urinary tract. The proportion of neuroendocrine carcinomas was less than 0.05 % [2] in urinary malignant tumors. The most common location of neuroendocrine carcinomas in the urinary system is the bladder. Fewer neuroendocrine carcinomas occur in the ureter than in the bladder. Case presentation: A 62 years old woman presented with right ureteral obstruction due to ureteral mass. The patient began chemotherapy 2 weeks after surgery. During the 14-month follow-up, the patient received 6 courses of etoposide and Carbopol chemotherapy, and imaging examination showed no signs of recurrence. Postoperative pathological examination showed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the right ureter. Conclusions: Large cell carcinoma of ureter has a rapid course of disease and poor prognosis. Ureteral large cell carcinoma is a very rare tumor. At present, there is no specific treatment scheme. However, considering the good response of its lung counterpart to the standard chemotherapy scheme and the experience of the cure of related urinary large cell carcinoma by chemotherapy [28], we argue that platinum-based chemotherapy is effective for it and patients can benefit from it. The multimodal treatment scheme of surgery combined with platinum-based chemotherapy is the current standard scheme for the treatment of ureteral neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background：Neuroendocrine carcinoma mainly occurs in the lung and gastrointestinal tract, rarely in the urinary tract. The proportion of neuroendocrine carcinomas was less than 0.05 % [2] in urinary malignant tumors. The most common location of neuroendocrine carcinomas in the urinary system is the bladder. Fewer neuroendocrine carcinomas occur in the ureter than in the bladder. Case presentation: A 62 years old woman presented with right ureteral obstruction due to ureteral mass. The patient began chemotherapy 2 weeks after surgery. During the 14-month follow-up, the patient received 6 courses of etoposide and Carbopol chemotherapy, and imaging examination showed no signs of recurrence. Postoperative pathological examination showed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the right ureter. Conclusions: Large cell carcinoma of ureter has a rapid course of disease and poor prognosis. Ureteral large cell carcinoma is a very rare tumor. At present, there is no specific treatment scheme. However, considering the good response of its lung counterpart to the standard chemotherapy scheme and the experience of the cure of related urinary large cell carcinoma by chemotherapy [28], we argue that platinum-based chemotherapy is effective for it and patients can benefit from it. The multimodal treatment scheme of surgery combined with platinum-based chemotherapy is the current standard scheme for the treatment of ureteral neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension and is potentially curable. However, a large number of patients still undergo persistent hypertension (PHT) after unilateral adrenal surgery. This research retrospectively studied the factors associated with this clinical difficulty and established a prediction model for the postoperative PHT; Methods: 353 patients from 2014 to 2021 with PA undergoing unilateral adrenal surgery were enrolled in this study. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were reviewed and the associating factors were examined using univariate and multivariate analysis. A nomogram-based prediction model was established correspondingly; results: 46.2% (163/190) of patients had post-surgical PHT. Multivariate analysis suggested that BMI≥25, diabetes, duration of hypertension, male gender, and ARR were independent predictors of PHT after surgery. The prediction model based on the nomogram showed good discrimination ability (the C index of the training group and the validation group were 0.783 and 0.769, respectively), and the calibration curves were good as well. Clinical usefulness was quantified using the decision curve analysis (DCA); Conclusion: This nomogram is an integration of the clinical and biochemical data of patients before surgery, and is a reliable tool with high accuracy for predicting the postoperative PHT in patients with PA.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension and is potentially curable. However, a large number of patients still undergo persistent hypertension (PHT) after unilateral adrenal surgery. This research retrospectively studied the factors associated with this clinical difficulty and established a prediction model for the postoperative PHT; Methods: 353 patients from 2014 to 2021 with PA undergoing unilateral adrenal surgery were enrolled in this study. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were reviewed and the associating factors were examined using univariate and multivariate analysis. A nomogram-based prediction model was established correspondingly; results: 46.2% (163/190) of patients had post-surgical PHT. Multivariate analysis suggested that BMI ≥ 25, diabetes, duration of hypertension, male gender, and ARR were independent predictors of PHT after surgery. The prediction model based on the nomogram showed good discrimination ability (the C index of the training group and the validation group were 0.783 and 0.769, respectively), and the calibration curves and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test were good as well. Clinical usefulness was quantified using the decision curve analysis; This nomogram is an integration of the clinical and biochemical data of patients before surgery, and is a reliable tool with high accuracy for predicting the postoperative PHT in patients with PA.