Based on the TTP curves of 7050 alloy, and the continuous cooling curves of 7B50 alloy at different positions of Φ70 mm improved Jominy specimen, the hardness distribution along the thickness direction of 7B50 alloy thick plates was analyzed and predicted by means of the isothermal precipitation kinetics and the quench factor analysis method. The results show that when 7050 alloy is isothermal treated at 200°C~400°C, the exponent n in its Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation is close to 1, which indicates that the nucleation process of new precipitates is stable. In this equation the coefficient k is 7.420E-03 at 350°C, which indicates that the nucleation and growth rates of new precipitates are very fast. The hardness distribution along the axial direction of the improved Jominy specimen of 7B50 alloy is predicted by the quench factor analysis method. When the distance is no more than 65 mm from the spraying surface of the improved Jominy specimen, the deviation between the predicted and measured hardness of 7B50 alloy in T6 temper is less than 5%. The quench factor analysis method is feasible to predict the hardness distribution along the thickness direction of 7B50 alloy thick plates after quenching and aging. When the quench factor analysis method is extended to predict the actual water spray quenching process of 7B50 alloy thick plates, the average cooling rate is 21.6°C/s in the quench sensitive temperature range of this alloy, at 15 mm from the spraying surface of the plate. At the same position, the corresponding quench factor is equal to 6 and the predicted hardness is 187.4 HV which is equivalent 98.5% of the Hmax (the maximum hardness) of 7B50 alloy in T6 temper.