The uncontrollable dendrite growth of Li metal anode leads to poor cycle stability and safety concerns, hindering its utilization in high energy density batteries. Herein, aphenoxy radical Spiro-O8 is proposed as an artificial protection film for Li metal anode owingt oi ts excellent filmforming capability and remarkable ionic conductivity.A spontaneous redoxr eaction between the Spiro-O8 and Li metal results in the formation of au niform and highly ionic conductive organic film in the bottom. Meanwhile,the phenoxy radicals on surface of Spiro-O8 facilitate the decomposition of Li salt upon exposed to the ether electrolyte and lead the formation of LiF film on the top.Arising from the synergistic effects of inner high ionic conductive film and outer rigid film, stable Li plating/stripping can be realized at ah igh current density (4000 cycles at 10 mA cm À2 )a nd ah igh areal capacity of 5mAh cm À2 for 550 hwith an ultrahigh Li utilization rate of 54.6 %. As aproof of concept, this work shows afacile strategy to rationally fabricate dual-layered interfaces for Li metal anodes.

We theorized and tested a leader-member perspective beyond the existing studies in paradoxical leadership and employee voice behavior. We proposed that paradoxical leadership influences employees’ voice behavior through psychological safety and self-efficacy. We also theorized that team size influences an extent to which the subordinates internalize their self-efficacy and psychological safety to exhibit proactive behavior. In a longitudinal study conducted on 155 subordinates and 96 supervisors in China, we found that when leaders adopt paradoxical behavior, employees are more likely to engage into promotive voice behavior; however, employees’ prohibitive voice behavior is reduced when their leaders adopt paradoxes in leadership behavior. Additionally, psychological safety mediates the relationship between paradoxical leadership and promotive voice behavior. Further, team size has significant interaction effects with psychological safety on promotive voice behavior.

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used as hole injection/extraction material in organic optoelectronics. However, there still exist drawbacks for PEDOT:PSS such as low work function (WF), poor structural and electrical homogeneity. To solve these problems, methylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (MNSF) is applied, which has excellent dispersion property, branched chemical structure, and low cost, as dispersant and dopant instead of linear PSS to prepare PEDOT:MNSF. The hole injection/extraction capability of PEDOT:MNSF is systematically studied in organic optoelectronic devices. PEDOT:MNSF‐1:6 exhibits unexpected high device performance with a maxima current efficiency of 33.4 cd A−1 in blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode and a power conversion efficiency of 13.1% in CH3NH3PbIxCl3−x‐based inverted perovskite solar cell, respectively. Compared with PEDOT:PSS, the relatively higher efficiency of PEDOT:MNSF‐1:6 is attributed mainly to its higher WF of 5.29 eV, structural and electrical homogeneity. Our research displays a promising future of MNSF as a cheap and widely available alternative of PSS. Moreover, a clear map is provided for the design of dopant for PEDOT considering the structure of dopant.

Fabricating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) based on renewable energy sources is wildly exploited because of the sustainable synthetic strategy and versatile applications of AgNPs. Alkali lignin (AL), as the byproduct from pulp mills, is a potential natural reducing agent. However, the synthetic methods of AL-based AgNPs (AL@Ag) still have drawbacks, such as unusual conditions and extra and high-cost purification processes. Here, a facile and efficient approach to synthesize and purify good-dispersing AL@Ag (17−27 nm) was presented, using Ag 2 O as the silver precursor and AL as both reducing agents and stabilizers in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. The maximum reduction capacity of AL to Ag + was increased to 8 mM/g at room temperature because of the activation of both Ag 2 O and DMSO. Most conveniently, the product was effectively purified by easy centrifugation. The reducing mechanism and reaction behavior were also systematically studied. Meanwhile, AL@Ag maintained versatile applications of AgNPs and exhibited great potential as the colorimetric sensor and plasmonic resonance energy acceptor for Hg 2+ and rhodamine B, respectively. Our work displayed a general and efficient method to prepare AL@Ag, which might provide a realizable perspective to the high-value utilization of lignin.

Naphthalene diimide (NDI) and perylene diimide (PDI) based polymeric semiconductors with high mobility have shown great promise as electron transport materials (ETMs) in applications such as highperformance polymer solar cells (PSCs) and other optoelectronic devices. However, these NDI and PDI semiconductors usually have limited adjustment of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, which hinders their further use in the organic electronic device. Here, by using various degrees of esterification instead of imide groups, three perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives based, self-doped, n-type water/ alcohol-soluble conjugated polymers (n-WSCPs) were developed, which can act as electron transport layers (ETLs) to produce high-performance PSCs. Owing to the distinct electron-deficient nature of the backbones, these n-WSCPs exhibited different optoelectronic properties. The relationships between doping effects, charge-transporting capabilities, interfacial modifications, and structures of n-WSCPs were systematically investigated. When these n-WSCPs were used as ETLs, highperformance PSCs with the efficiencies of near 9% and over 10% were achieved in the combinations of poly [[2,6-4,8-di(5ethylhexylthienyl) [3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7-Th)/ [6,6]-phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM) and poly (2,5-thiophene-alt-5,5′-(5,10-bis(4-(2-octyldodecyl)thiophen-2yl)naphtho [1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis ([1,2,5]thiadiazole)) (PNTT)/PC 71 BM, respectively. The device of PNTT/PC 71 BM still exhibited a high PCE of 9.37% when the thickness of ETL was increased to 50 nm. Our results demonstrate the identical importance of energy level alignment and electron transporting in the design of n-WSCPs used for thickness-insensitive ETLs in PSCs for large area practical applications.