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Background Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) containing only a single zinc finger domain play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. To date, the evolutionary history and functions of the ZFP gene family have not been identified in cotton. Results In this paper, we identified 29 ZFP genes in Gossypium hirsutum . This gene family was divided into seven subfamilies, 22 of which were distributed over 17 chromosomes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that 20 GhZFP genes originated from whole genome duplications and two originated from dispersed duplication events, indicating that whole genome duplication is the main force in the expansion of the GhZFP gene family. Most GhZFP8 subfamily genes, except for GhZFP8–3, were highly expressed during fiber cell growth, and were induced by brassinosteroids in vitro. Furthermore, we found that a large number of GhZFP genes contained gibberellic acid responsive elements, auxin responsive elements, and E-box elements in their promoter regions. Exogenous application of these hormones significantly stimulated the expression of these genes. Conclusions Our findings reveal that GhZFP8 genes are involved in cotton fiber development and widely induced by auxin, gibberellin and BR, which provides a foundation for the identification of more downstream genes with potential roles in phytohormone stimuli, and a basis for breeding better cotton varieties in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1932-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Direct and converse magnetoelectric effects are two opposite processes, which were integrated in a model based on equivalent circuit. Following the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive constitutive equations, we obtained magnetic-mechanical-electric equations, and then built a symmetric equivalent circuit about the magnetoelectric coupling. We equivalently analyzed the direct and converse magnetoelectric effects with this equivalent circuit. The numerical calculations fit the reported results very well, including the magnetoelectric changes with the thickness ratio and frequency, the relative lower converse magnetoelectric resonance frequency, and the phase increase of π around the direct and converse magnetoelectric resonance frequencies. This model helps us understand the magnetoelectric properties deeply, especially for the converse magnetoelectric effect.

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