Curcumin is the main active ingredient of turmeric, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidation, immune regulation, and so on. Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease caused by a variety of factors. In recent years, many studies have shown that curcumin has a potential role on the treatment of periodontitis. Curcumin has been used in research related to the treatment of periodontitis in the form of solution, chip, gel, and capsule. Combined with other periodontitis treatment methods, such as scaling and root planing (SRP) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), can enhance curcumin's efficacy in treating periodontitis. In addition to natural curcumin, chemically modified curcumin, such as 4‐phenylaminocarbonyl bis‐demethoxy curcumin (CMC 2.24) and 4‐methoxycarbonyl curcumin (CMC 2.5), have also been used in animal models of periodontitis. Here, this paper reviews the research progress of curcumin on the treatment of periodontitis and its related mechanisms.

No abstract

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a semi‐crystalline thermoplastic polymer that has been gradually used in the repair of bone defects because of its well chemical stability, reliable biocompatibility, excellent X‐ray radiolucency, and low modulus. However, PEEK is a biologically inert material, and planktonic bacteria can adhere to its surface and eventually form biofilms, allowing for the rapid development of implant‐related infections. This review mainly introduces two important antibacterial modification strategies: antibacterial coating and surface morphology modification. Antibacterial coating include antibiotics, natural extracts, antimicrobial peptides, polymers, metals and metal oxides, selenium, fluoride, silicon nitride, and graphene oxide. These coatings can exert their antibacterial effect by inhibiting bacterial adhesion, killing bacteria by contact, or actively releasing antimicrobial substances. In terms of antibacterial surface topography, different surface microstructures have their respective antibacterial functions. Conical or cylindrical structures can exert stress on the bacterial surface causing the rupture of the cell membrane to kill bacteria. Nano protrusions or particles smaller than the size of bacteria can inhibit the adhesion of bacteria by reducing the contact area of bacteria and PEEK. The pit structure close to the size of bacteria can prevent the contact between adjacent bacteria and delay or prevent the formation of biofilm.

No abstract

IntroductionPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered to be a new type of orthopedic implant material due to its mechanical properties and biocompatibility. It is becoming a replacement for titanium (Ti) due to its near-human-cortical transmission and modulus of elasticity. However, its clinical application is limited because of its biological inertia and susceptibility to bacterial infection during implantation. To solve this problem, there is an urgent need to improve the antibacterial properties of PEEK implants.MethodsIn this work, we fixed antimicrobial peptide HHC36 on the 3D porous structure of sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK) by a simple solvent evaporation method (HSPEEK), and carried out characterization tests. We evaluated the antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of the samples in vitro. In addition, we evaluated the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of the samples in vivo by establishing a rat subcutaneous infection model.ResultsThe characterization test results showed that HHC36 was successfully fixed on the surface of SPEEK and released slowly for 10 days. The results of antibacterial experiments in vitro showed that HSPEEK could reduce the survival rate of free bacteria, inhibit the growth of bacteria around the sample, and inhibit the formation of biofilm on the sample surface. The cytocompatibility test in vitro showed that the sample had no significant effect on the proliferation and viability of L929 cells and had no hemolytic activity on rabbit erythrocytes. In vivo experiments, HSPEEK can significantly reduce the bacterial survival rate on the sample surface and the inflammatory reaction in the soft tissue around the sample.DiscussionWe successfully loaded HHC36 onto the surface of SPEEK through a simple solvent evaporation method. The sample has excellent antibacterial properties and good cell compatibility, which can significantly reduce the bacterial survival rate and inflammatory reaction in vivo. The above results indicated that we successfully improved the antibacterial property of PEEK by a simple modification strategy, making it a promising material for anti-infection orthopedic implants.