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For the safety issues of night long-distance bus drivers, a test system that real-time continuously acquires vehicles driving parameter, traffic environmental images as well as ECG physiological state of drivers under night-time driving conditions is designed. The impact of continuous driving time, night-time conditions and others on the driver's heart electrical parameters and driving behaviors is studied. The experiments were carried out on 11 drivers and the total journeys were over 11,800 km. The experiments' results indicate that: The long-distance bus drivers. The driver's average heart rate shows a downward trend as the driving time extends. And the average heart rate while driving is 13~18 times higher than the average heart rate while resting.Under night highway free-flow conditions and the highest safety speed 100 km/h of the passenger transport company regulations, the driver's 50%, 75% and 95% percentile speed are 93.6 km/h, 99.3 km/h, 103.2km/h respectively, and 50%, 75% and 95% of the throttle pedal position are 75%, 85%, 90% of the largest pedal trip respectively.

Injury characteristics of child passengers in accidents are summarized in this paper. Based on the accident data about child passengers from 2011 to 2017 collected in the National Automobile Accident In-Depth Investigation System (NAIS), the analysis of the patterns of the traffic accident where child passengers are involved and injury characteristics of child passengers in the aspects of crash overlapping rate, crash speed and location of child passenger in the vehicle is conducted. The results show that: among the 62 accident cases where child passengers are involved, the accident with 25%-50% overlapping rate has the highest accident rate and the highest child injury rate; the number of the accidents at crash speed below 80km/h accounts for 80.6% ; the casualty rate of the child passenger in the rear row seat is lower than that of the child in front row seat. Based on the above analysis, this study can provide data support for the establishment of child safety legislation and the improvement of crash test standard of child restraint system.

Children are one of the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. Correct use of car seat can effectively reduce the children's injury and fatality in traffic accidents. First of all, this paper analyzes the trend of the children's injury and fatality caused by traffic accidents in China, and introduces the survey on misuse of car seats in several large cities in China. Then, this paper analyzes the children's injury by car seat misuse tests, and proposes the study method and framework about the Ease-of-Use Rating of car seat based on the different safety factors which are related to different misuse circumstances. Moreover, through the future analysis and verification, such as ease-of-use tests, misuse tests and hierarchical analysis, the China Car Seat Ease-of-Use Rating is proposed. This study will promote the industry to further emphasize the ease-of-use design of car seat, and also further improve the use rate of car seat in China.