Chrysene is a readily available material for exploring new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, two chrysene based azahelicenes, nine‐membered BA7 and ten‐membered DA6, are constructed by intermolecular oxidative annulation of 6‐aminochrysene and intramolecular annulation of N6,N12‐bis(1‐chloronaphthalen‐2‐yl)chrysene‐6,12‐diamine, respectively. The hexylated BA7 and DA6 and their brominated products were undoubtedly characterized by single crystal XRD. Subsequent amination with bis(9‐methyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)amine (BMCA) electron donor afforded D‐π‐D‐type semiconductors BA7‐BMCA and DA6‐BMCA with beneficial properties to act as hole transport materials for perovskite solar cell. Compared with 19.4 % champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BA7‐BMCA based device, a higher PCE of 20.2 % for DA6‐BMCA counterpart may be attributed to its S‐shaped double helicene‐like linker with extended π‐conjugated system.
Repeated tandem electro-oxidative C−C and C−N coupling and aromatization were employed for the efficient construction of aza[7]helicene (BA7) as a key intermediate and the targeted pyrazine-fused bis-aza[7]helicene (PBBA7) derivatives in 90.0−93.2% isolated yields under a controlled potential. The electrosynthetic protocol showed high selectivity and enabled rapid access to functionalized organic conjugated materials from readily available polycyclic aromatic amines. A synthetic mechanistic study along with an investigation of the photoelectrical properties and application of PBBA7-C16 as a potential hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells were performed.
The majority of commercial polyolefins are produced by coordination polymerization using early or late transition metal catalysts. Molecular catalysts containing these transition metals (Ti, Zr, Cr, Ni, and Fe, etc.) are loaded on supports for controlled polymerization behavior and polymer morphology in slurry or gas phase processes. Within the last few years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of unique porous crystalline materials constructed from metal ions/clusters and organic ligands, have been designed and utilized as excellent supports for heterogeneous polymerization catalysis whose high density and uniform distribution of active sites would benefit the modulations of molecular weight distributions of high‐performance olefin oligomers and (co)polymers. Impressive efforts have been made to modulate the microenvironment surrounding the active centers at the atomic level for improved activities of MOFs‐based catalysts and controlled selectivity of olefin insertion. This review aims to draw a comprehensive picture of MOFs for coordination olefin oligomerization and (co)polymerization in the past decades with respect to different transition metal active centers, various incorporation sites, and finally microenvironment modulation. In consideration of more efforts are needed to overcome challenges for further industrial and commercial application, a brief outlook is provided.
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