Phylogenetic analyses reveal that Allium is monophyletic but that some subgenera are not. The large genetic distances imply that Allium is of ancient origin. Molecular data suggest that its evolution proceeded along three separate evolutionary lines. S-DIVA indicates that the ancestor of Amerallium, Anguinum, Vvedenskya, Porphyroprason and Melanocrommyum originated from eastern Asia and underwent different biogeographical pathways. A taxonomic synopsis of Chinese Allium at sectional level is given, which divides Chinese Allium into 13 subgenera and 34 sections.

No abstract

While a plethora of studies have examined the relationships between abusive supervision and outcomes, there is a lack of a comprehensive and systematic framework that integrates the consequences and moderators of abusive supervision. We fill the void in the abusive supervision literature through conducting a quantitative review. Based on a meta-analysis of 119 independent samples (N=35,239), we found that abusive supervision was related to subordinates' attitudes, well-beings, organizational justice perceptions, workplace behaviors, performance, and family-related outcomes. In addition, we found that power distance moderated the relationships of abusive supervision with subordinates' workplace behaviors and performance in Asia and North America. In addition, the relationships between abusive supervision and its consequences were contingent on subordinates' age, organizational tenure, and time spent with supervisors, and research design. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.