The literature has shown that mobile phone addiction is an important risk factor for depression. However, the internal mechanisms of mobile phone addiction leading to depression are still not clear. This study examined the mediating role of sleep quality and moderating role of peer relationships in the association between mobile phone addiction and depression. A sample of 450 Chinese medical students were recruited to complete measures of mobile phone addiction, depression, sleep quality and peer relationships. In this study, SPSS 25.0 and macro PROCESS were used to conduct statistical analysis on the collected data. The results showed that sleep quality partially mediated the association between mobile phone addiction and depression. Moreover, the effect of sleep quality on depression was moderated by peer relationships. The present study can advance our understanding of how and when mobile phone addiction leads to depression. Limitations and implications of this study are discussed.

Background: Parents who have lost their only child are known as Shidu parents in China. Losing an only child is an enormous tragedy for parents that can trigger severe depressive symptoms. Few studies have explored the influence of cultural beliefs and social support on depressive symptoms. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between culture-related grief beliefs, social support and depressive symptoms among Shidu parents in rural China. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sujiatun district of Shenyang, China. Data were collected from November 2019 to February 2020 from 228 rural Shidu parents. Questionnaires consisted of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scales (CES-D), the Culture-related Grief Beliefs of Shidu Parents Questionnaire (CBSQ), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and demographic and bereavement-related information. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations among culturerelated grief beliefs, social support and depressive symptoms. Results: Of the 228 Shidu parents, 87.0% reported depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16). The mean age of the participants was 62.91 years, ranging from 50 to 86. Regression analysis indicated that parents' younger age, lower education level and debts were prominent risk factors for depressive symptoms. Perceived stigma (a subscale of CBSQ) was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Social support was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in rural Shidu parents, there is a critical need to reduce perceived stigma and increase social support to alleviate depressive symptoms among Shidu parents in rural China. Las creencias de duelo relacionadas con la cultura y el apoyo social influyen en los síntomas depresivos de los padres Shidu en las zonas rurales de ChinaAntecedentes: Los padres que han perdido a su único hijo se conocen como padres Shidu en China. Perder un hijo único es una tragedia enorme para los padres que puede desencadenar síntomas depresivos graves. Pocos estudios han explorado la influencia de las creencias culturales y el apoyo social sobre los síntomas depresivos. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la relación entre las creencias de duelo relacionadas con la cultura, el apoyo social y los síntomas depresivos en padres Shidu de las zonas rurales de China. Método: Este estudio transversal se realizó en el distrito Sujiatun de Shenyang, China. Los datos se recopilaron desde noviembre de 2019 hasta febrero de 2020 en 228 padres Shidu rurales. Los cuestionarios consistieron en las Escalas de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D por su sigla en inglés), el Cuestionario de Creencias de Duelo relacionadas con la Cultura de los Padres Shidu (CBSQ por su sigla en inglés), la Escala de Calificación de Apoyo Social (SSRS por su sigla en inglés) e información demográfica y relacionada con el duelo. Se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal multiple jerárquica...

Background There are many one‐child families in China due to the one‐child policy. Parents who have lost their only child and are unable to conceive another child or unwilling to adopt a child are called Shidu parents in China. The death of an only child puts Shidu parents at the risk of mental illness and even suicide. Few studies have explored the influence of cultural beliefs and prolonged grief disorder on suicide ideation. Methods This study involved rural Shidu parents from Sujiatun district of Shenyang, China. Questionnaires consisted of the Prolonged Grief questionnaire – 13 (PG‐13), the Culture‐related Grief Beliefs of Shidu Parents Questionnaire (CBSQ), one question from the baseline National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) to measure suicide ideation and demographic and bereavement‐related information. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associated factors of suicide ideation. Results Sixty‐nine (28.8%) of the 240 Shidu parents reported having suicide ideation. Having chronic disease (OR = 5.509, p < 0.01), having religious belief (OR = 3.923, p < 0.05) and having a grandchild (OR = 2.552, p < 0.05) were associated with an increased risk of suicide ideation. Destiny belief (a subscale of CBSQ) was negatively associated with suicide ideation (OR = 0.818, p < 0.05). Prolonged grief disorder (OR = 9.280, p < 0.01) and perceived stigma (a subscale of CBSQ) (OR = 1.200, p < 0.05) was positively associated with suicide ideation after adjusting for controlling variables. Conclusions Suicide ideation is prevalent in rural Shidu parents. Reducing perceived stigma and alleviating prolonged grief disorder may decrease the risk of suicide among rural Shidu parents.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between loneliness and anxiety, and the mediating role of mobile phone addiction in this relationship, and whether this mediating role was moderated by gender among Chinese medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on March and April 2021 in Shenyang city of China. In total, 595 medical students were surveyed to complete an online questionnaire including demographic variables, mobile phone usage information, loneliness, mobile phone addiction, and anxiety, and 553 samples were effective for the final analyses. SPSS macro PROCESS was performed to test the mediating effect of mobile phone addiction and the moderating effect of gender. Our findings showed that loneliness was positively associated with anxiety, and mobile phone addiction was a partial mediator in this relationship. In addition, gender was found to moderate the indirect effect of loneliness on anxiety through mobile phone addiction. The effect of mobile phone addiction on anxiety was greater for boys than girls. This study illustrated that students with a higher level of loneliness would be more likely to develop anxiety directly and indirectly. Educational professionals should pay special attention to medical students who felt lonely or addicted to mobile phones, particularly boys.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide and has attracted considerable attention. This study aims to investigate the sleep quality of the public during the normalization of COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control in China, as well as related factors that affect sleep quality. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was implemented from Feb 2nd to Feb 9th, 2021 in China. A total of 613 subjects from 27 provinces and 4 municipalities participated in this study. Questionnaire including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), COVID Stress Scale (CSS), COVID-19 Worry Scale and 14-item Resilience Scale (the RS-14) as well as demographic characteristics and pandemic-related information was used to measure sleep quality, stress, worries and resilience of Chinese population. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the associated factors of sleep quality.Results: The prevalence of poor sleep quality among 613 participants was 41.1% (95%CI=37.2%-45%). Regression analysis indicated that chronic diseases, medical visits, occupation, and negative life events were factors affecting sleep quality. Stress and worries were positively associated with score of sleep quality, while resilience was negatively associated with score of sleep quality. Conclusions: During the normalization of COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control, Chinese public has poor sleep quality. Effective interventions should be taken to decrease people’s COVID-19 stress and worries. Resilience enhancement is also an important factor to be considered to improve people’s sleep quality.