Integrated crop management practices can improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield, but the effects of such practices on dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic productivity are inconsistent and not well understood. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of integrated crop management practices on dry matter accumulation and redistribution, photosynthetic production, and yield of rice in northeast China. Medium‐ and high‐yielding potential japonica rice cultivars were grown using four crop management practices, including no N application (N0), local farmers’ cultivation practice (FP), high‐yield cultivation practice (HYP), and super‐high‐yield cultivation practice (SHYP). The increases in average yield with the HYP and SHYP treatments were 16.87 and 36.70%, respectively, in 2017 and 14.70 and 31.05%, respectively, in 2018, compared with FP. Increases in effective panicle number and spikelet number per panicle were the main reason for the increase in yield under the integrated crop management treatments. Compared with FP, the HYP and SHYP treatments significantly increased the population dry matter by 26.40 and 56.64%, respectively, before the heading stage. Relative to N0 and FP, HYP and SHYP significantly increased the dry matter export, export rate, and translocation rate in the leaves, stems, and sheaths and significantly increased the photosynthetic potential throughout the growth stage and the net assimilation rate after the tillering stage. These increases were critical for improving the quality of rice and achieving higher yields. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the development of high‐yield cultivation methods for rice in northeast China.

This review summarizes the literature related to agricultural wastes published during 2009. The review is divided into the following sections: waste characterization, waste management and pollution minimization, waste treatment, and waste recycle and reuse.

Deployment of well-adapted, water use efficient, and productive genotypes may be essential for the sustainability of both forests and wood supply for the forest industry, as climate change is increasing water stress around the world. This study aimed to characterize key traits among new genotypes of hybrid poplars (Populus spp.) in water use efficiency (WUE) and evaluate adaptive capacity to guide the selection of appropriate clones/hybrid types for commercial deployment in habitats with an increasing water deficit in northern, continental climates. Forty-five new hybrid poplar genotypes were compared at the age of 10, including two control clones, Walker and Okanese, growing in a common garden genetics trial in northern Alberta. We studied the relationships between their productivity and WUE, photosynthetic assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance, stomatal density and length, and leaf size and weight. In addition, the genetic variance and heritabilities of physiological and morphological characteristics related to WUE were calculated. Results of this study revealed that most of the clones showed an adaptive capacity to acclimatize (small and dense stomata) to the region of deployment. Morphological traits were characterized by higher heritabilities than physiological traits. Hybrids between Populus balsamifera and Populus maximowiczii species showed a slightly greater adaptive potential to the area of our study than the other tested cross types. Walker, a clone widely planted across the Canadian prairies, showed inferior WUE and productivity in comparison to the new genotypes tested. Selection and tree breeding for adaptation to climate change in the region of our investigation identified highly productive genotypes with dense, small stomata and a larger leaf area to dry mass ratio. As these traits are heritable, selection of clones with these traits will ensure a faster reaction of stomata when faced with a water deficit. The low genetic effect, heritability estimates, and high residual effect for physiological traits, impose a severe limitation on the use of gas exchange measurements under field conditions in tree improvement programs selecting for drought resistance.

Applying appropriate agronomic practices instead of conventional farming practices might improve rice yield. However, few studies have focused on how integrated agronomic practices affect N, P, and K accumulation and allocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate grain yield, N, P, and K accumulation, and allocation under different agronomic practices. A japonica rice cultivar was grown in the field, with four agronomic practice treatments: no N application (N0), local farmers' practice (FP), high-yield practice (HYP), and super-high-yield (SHY) practice. The results showed that the latter two practices significantly increased grain yield by 11.0% and 26.4%, respectively, compared with that under FP, mainly as a result of an increase in mean number of panicles m −2 and spikelets panicle −1 . Mean aboveground N, P, and K accumulation significantly increased by 24.9, 15.3, and 79.1%, in HYP and 42.0, 38.8, and 219.7% in SHY, respectively, compared with that under FP. In particular, K accumulation was higher than N and P accumulation in HYP and SHY plants than those in FP plants. However, N, P, and K grain productivity was lower by 7. 5, 9.5, and 20.3% under HYP, and 20.3, 17.2 and 62.7% under SHY treatments than that of FP, respectively, and N, P, and K grain productivity were negatively correlated with yield. Our results suggest that an increase in N, P, and K accumulation from the full-heading stage (FH) to the maturity stage (MS) may assist with improving rice yields under HYP and SHY treatments. 1238wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/agj2

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