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From the perspective of consumers, this research studied four factors including price promotion, time pressure, interpersonal interaction and visual appeal influencing the impulse buying decision of live streaming e-commerce consumers in China. This research used a quantitative design by developing questionnaires to collect data through the convenience sampling approach from 477 Chinese users who has live streaming shopping experience in social commerce platform Taobao.com. within the past 1 year in Kunming, City. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to analyze the data and the hypotheses accordingly. The results confirmed that price promotion, time pressure (promotional time limit, perceived opportunity cost), interpersonal interaction (consumer-streamer interaction, consumer-consumer interaction) and visual appeal these six factors have a significantly positive effect on consumer impulse buying decision. Meanwhile, perceived risk was found negatively related to consumer impulse buying decision. Besides, price promotion and visual appeal played the most important role in influencing consumer impulse buying decision of live streaming than any other factors. Additionally, the results also show that the promotion, the perception of opportunity cost, the interpersonal interaction (the interaction between consumers and streamers, the interaction between consumers), and the visual appeal all have a significant negative impact on consumers' perceived risk. However, for time limit of time pressure, our research hypothesis that promotion time limit has a significant negative effect on consumers' perceived risk has not been verified. Finally, perceived risk was found plays a mediating role in the relationship between price promotion, perceived opportunity cost, interpersonal interaction, visual appeal and impulse buying decision. However, it did not play a mediating role in the effect of promotion time limit on impulse buying decision. The findings suggest that managers and merchants of live streaming e-commerce should make a reasonable price promotion plan and provide good visual experience for consumers, at the meantime, strengthen interpersonal interaction and try to reduce the purchase risk of consumers.

The linguistic aspect is the essence of branding and of particular importance for the success of a product. This article adopts a linguistic approach in an attempt to investigate Chinese branding rules, both the general branding principles and the specific rules for different categories of products. The four generalized branding principles based on the analysis of 527 Chinese award-winning products in general specify the requirements in syllable structure, tonic structure, compounding structure and semantic structure. In terms of specific rules, a sample of 151 top brands of two product categories, bicycles and cosmetic products, are analysed. The difference in branding the different products is determined by the semantic field.

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This paper reports a study of 1,304 Chinese brand names of ten types of products in China. These brand names are content analyzed following a linguistic approach which the authors developed from their earlier studies. The ten types of brand names are presented in three broad categories representing the three different developing stages of the consumer product industry in China: brands of traditional products (illustrated by matches and spirits), brands of traditional products with current development (illustrated by bicycles, shoes, and toothpastes), and brands of new and modern products (illustrated by cosmetics, soft drinks, washing machines, refrigerators and TV sets). The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that one of the variables in determining how linguistic principles are being applied to Chinese brand naming is the respective stages of development of such products in the context of the Chinese market economy.