Based on data from 18,741 respondents in the 2010 and 2017 Chinese General Social Survey, this paper empirically analyzes the influence of Internet usage on gender division of labour bias by using the propensity score matching model and tests the sensitivity of the estimated results. The results show that firstly, a series of personal characteristics such as gender, age, years of education, ethnicity, political status, health status, marital status, household registration status, labour income, mother’s years of education, and family economic status will have a significant impact on whether they frequently use the Internet. Secondly, frequent internet usage can significantly reduce respondents’ agreement of gender division of labour bias, indicating that frequent internet usage can significantly improve respondents’ gender division of labour bias, and the results of Rosenbaum’s bound test and H-L confidence interval test both support the above conclusions. Thirdly, frequent internet usage can significantly reduce the recognition degree of women respondents and men respondents to gender division of labour bias, which indicates that frequent internet usage can not only strengthen women’s self-identity to a great extent but also improve men’s exclusion bias to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper puts forward some suggestions from two aspects: improving the accessibility of internet usage and guiding and controlling the content and behavior of various online media.

Based on the data from a sample of 4832 from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2018, this study examines the impact of Internet usage on the wage equation for males and females by using the robust least squares regression method, the threshold regression method, and the quantile regression method and decomposes the gender wage gap on this basis by using the RIF regression decomposition method. The findings show that, firstly, in either linear or nonlinear effects, Internet usage has a significant wage premium effect on the male wage equation, and this premium effect increases as male wage income rises, but Internet usage consistently does not have a significant effect on the female wage equation. Secondly, 26.73% of the overall gender wage gap is due to Internet usage, and the presence of gender discrimination in the cyberspace is a significant contributor to this result. Thirdly, Internet usage causes the gender wage gaps at different wage levels to be further widened to different degrees. Specifically, Internet usage has the strongest effect on the gender wage gap at lower wage levels, the second strongest effect on the gender wage gap at higher wage levels, and the weakest effect on the gender wage gap at middle wage levels. The different levels of gender discrimination experienced by females in the cyberspace are an important cause of the differential widening effect of Internet usage on gender wage gaps at different wage levels. Therefore, this study proposes policy recommendations in terms of regulating gender discrimination and introducing relevant female protection policies.

This study measures the efficiency of health care resource allocation in each region of China using the global undesirable output from the Data Envelopment Analysis - Slacks Based Measure (DEA-SBM) model, on the basis of which the concept of economic convergence is introduced to analyze the convergence of health care resource allocation efficiency in China as a whole and in each region. The study found that although the overall health care resource allocation efficiency in China is relatively weakly effective, the trend is U-shaped, and since 2015, the overall health care resource allocation efficiency in China has shown an upward momentum and an overall positive performance. Second, the overall health care resource allocation efficiency in China has obvious characteristics of absolute convergence, and each region shows different degrees of absolute convergence, specifically the eastern region, which has the fastest convergence rate followed by the western region, and the central region has the slowest convergence rate. Third, after controlling for health care expenditure, the convergence rate of health care resource allocation efficiency in China as a whole and in the eastern and western regions increases to different degrees, while the convergence rate of health care resource allocation efficiency in the central region shows a small decrease.

This study empirically analyzes the effect of internet technology usage on female employment and their wage income by constructing logit and quantile regression models to examine the moderating effect of years of education. The results show that internet technology usage significantly suppresses the likelihood of female employment and reduces their wage income before their years of education reach the target requirement but has a differential effect on the wage income of females at different levels. After females have reached their years of education target, internet technology usage significantly increases their likelihood of obtaining employment and improving their wage income. The positive effect of internet technology usage on female employment and their wage income is more obvious as the years of education increases. Therefore, this study proposes that females should be encouraged to strengthen their internet technology usage skills and improve their education level.

Based on data from a sample of 377 females in the 2018 Chinese General Social Survey, this study constructs a logit model considering moderating effect to estimate the effect of receiving higher education on the patriarchal perspective held by Chinese females, and examines the moderating effect of internet usage on the relationship between receiving higher education and the patriarchal perspective. As a result of the study, the authors came to the following conclusions. Firstly, receiving higher education will have a direct and significant improvement effect on the patriarchal perspective held by Chinese females, reducing their identification with the patriarchal perspective, especially for Chinese rural females. Secondly, internet usage will not directly have a significant effect on the patriarchal perspective held by Chinese females, but it will indirectly have a significant moderating effect on the patriarchal perspective held by Chinese rural females by receiving higher education. The more frequently Chinese rural females use the Internet, the weaker the effect of receiving higher education on their patriarchal perspective. Ultimately, when Chinese rural females use the Internet very frequently, receiving higher education will make them identify with the patriarchal perspective. Thirdly, the act of marriage will significantly strengthen the identification with the patriarchal perspective for both Chinese urban and rural females. However, engaging in household investment activities will significantly reduce the patriarchal perspective of Chinese urban females, while Chinese rural females will only gradually identify more with the patriarchal perspective as they grow older.