This paper provides an in-depth discussion and analysis of the estimation of nuclear medicine exposure measurements using computerized intelligent processing. The focus is on the study of energy extraction algorithms to obtain a high energy resolution with the lowest possible ADC sampling rate and thus reduce the amount of data. This paper focuses on the direct pulse peak extraction algorithm, polynomial curve fitting algorithm, double exponential function curve fitting algorithm, and pulse area calculation algorithm. The detector output waveforms are obtained with an oscilloscope, and the analysis module is designed in MATLAB. Based on these algorithms, the data obtained from six different lower sampling rates are analyzed and compared with the results of the high sampling rate direct pulse peak extraction algorithm and the pulse area calculation algorithm, respectively. The correctness of the compartment model was checked, and the results were found to be realistic and reliable, which can be used for the analysis of internal exposure data in radiation occupational health management, estimation of internal exposure dose for nuclear emergency groups, and estimation of accidental internal exposure dose. The results of the compartment model of the respiratory tract and the compartment model of the digestive tract can be used to calculate the distribution and retention patterns of radionuclides and their compounds in the body, which can be used to assess the damage of radionuclide internal contamination and guide the implementation of medical treatment.