Bioinspired soft machines made of highly deformable materials are enabling a variety of innovative applications, yet their locomotion typically requires several actuators that are independently activated. We harnessed kirigami principles to significantly enhance the crawling capability of a soft actuator. We designed highly stretchable kirigami surfaces in which mechanical instabilities induce a transformation from flat sheets to 3D-textured surfaces akin to the scaled skin of snakes. First, we showed that this transformation was accompanied by a dramatic change in the frictional properties of the surfaces. Then, we demonstrated that, when wrapped around an extending soft actuator, the buckling-induced directional frictional properties of these surfaces enabled the system to efficiently crawl.

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10Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) core/shell hybrid aerogels with different MWCNTs content are controlled synthesized through a facile mixed growth and self-assembly methodology. V2O5 coated MWCNTs from the in-situ growth of V2O5 on the surface of acid-treated MWCNTs incorporate with V2O5 nanofibers from the preferred orientation growth of V2O5 in a one-step sol-gel process. These two kinds of one-dimensional fibers selfassemble into a three-dimensional monolithic porous hybrid aerogel. Owing to its high specific surface area, favorable 15 electrical conductivity and unique three-dimensional and core/shell structures, the light weight hybrid aerogel (about 30 mg cm -3 ) exhibits excellent specific capacitance (625 F g -1 ), high energy density (86.8 Wh kg -1 ) and outstanding cycle performance (> 20000 cycles). And the optimal content of MWCNTs in hybrid aerogels for highest-performance supercapacitor is 7.6%. 65relatively low, which is unfavorable for the improvement of the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. On the other hand, three-dimensional (3D) MWCNTs/V 2 O 5 core/shell sponge with high specific surface area can be synthesized through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer 70 deposition (ALD) methods, but it requires severe conditions, sophisticated equipment and tedious procedures.34 Until now, limited by its complex procedures, the controlled synthesis of

The diffuse electron in a dipole-bound state is spatially well separated from the valence electrons and is known to have negligible effects on the dipole-bound state's molecular structure. Here, we show that a dipole-bound state is observed in deprotonated 4-(2phenylethynyl)-phenoxide anions, 348 cm −1 below the anion's detachment threshold. The photodetachment of the dipole-bound electron is observed to accompany a simultaneous shakeup process in valence orbitals in this aromatic molecular anion. This shakeup process is due to configuration mixing as a result of valence orbital polarization by the intramolecular electric field of the dipole-bound electron. This observation suggests that dipole-bound anions can serve as a new platform to probe how oriented electric fields influence the valence electronic structure of polyatomic molecules.