Spirotetramat is a pesticide with
bidirectional systemicity and can effectively control pests by inhibiting
the biosynthesis of fatty acids. In this study, adsorption and desorption
behaviors of spirotetramat in six soils and its interaction mechanism
were studied using the batch equilibrium method and infrared radiation.
The results showed that the adsorption and desorption behaviors of
spirotetramat conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model. The values
of adsorption capacities K
F‑ads ranged
from 2.11 to 12.40, and the values of desorption capacities K
F‑des varied from 2.97 to 32.90. From
the hysteresis
coefficient, spirotetramat was easily desorbed from the test soils.
The adsorption capacity of the soil to spirotetramat enhanced with
an increasing temperature. Moreover, the changes in pH values and
exogenous addition of humic acid and surfactant could also affect
soil adsorption capacity, but for desorption, there was no correlation.
As a diamide insecticide, ubendiamide is widely used and has many adverse effects on environmental organisms. In this study, bioaccumulation and toxicity effects of ubendiamide in zebra sh (Danio rerio) were studied. Speci cally, the results showed that the concentrations of ubendiamide increased in the early stage and achieved steady stages at 14 days and the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of ubendiamide in zebra sh were 1.125 -2.011. Furthermore, ubendiamide had no signi cant effects on the growth phenotypes of zebra sh. However, zebra sh hepatic somatic index (HSI) of zebra sh had changed signi cantly with exposure. Histopathological analysis showed that exposure to ubendiamide could cause structural damage to liver tissue of zebra sh. Further physiological and biochemical analysis showed that ubendiamide could signi cantly change the activity of CAT and the contents of MDA and GSH in liver of zebra sh. In particular, exposure to ubendiamide could also cause signi cant changes in the mRNA expression levels of cell apoptosis-related genes involving p53, puma, caspase-3, caspase-9, apaf-1 and bax in liver of zebra sh. In general, these results indicated that exposure to ubendiamide could induce liver damage by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver of zebra sh.The results of this study will help to further comprehensively evaluate the safety of ubendiamide to aquatic organisms.
Spirotetramat is a pesticide with bidirectional systemicity in both xylem and phloem. Currently, researches show that spirotetramat has definite toxicity to aquatic organism. This paper aims to study the environmental behaviors of spirotetramat in water, in the hope of providing guidance for security evaluation of spirotetramat. The researches in this paper showed that under lighting condition, the half-life period of spirotetramat in water was 13.59 days. In water, spirotetramat could be degraded into B-enol and B-keto. As seen from the residual concentrations of two products, B-enol was the dominant degradation product. Under different temperatures, the hydrolysis products of spirotetramat remain B-enol and B-keto. The temperature has little effect on the residual concentration of spirotetramat in water. The residual concentration of B-enol in water gradually increased with the extension of time but B-keto had no significant change. In the buffer solution of different pH values, the degradation rate of spirotetramat was significantly enhanced with the increase of solution pH value. The hydrolysis products of spirotetramat in buffer solution of different pH values were still B-enol and B-keto, and pH exerted certain influence on the residual concentration of B-enol in water. The hydrolysis conversion of spirotetramat has theoretical and practical significance for the safe and reasonable usage of it, as well as for the further evaluation of spirotetramat's ecological risk in water.
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