The BCC-CSM2 model is the second generation of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model developed by the National Center of China Meteorological Administration. Using the outputs of two versions of the BCC-CSM2 model with different resolutions, namely: BCC-CSM2-MR and BCC-CSM2-HR, their performance in simulating the climate characteristics of Northwest China was compared. The BCC-CSM2-HR had a better ability to simulate the detailed distribution of the average temperature and precipitation in Northwest China, and could delineate the influence of the topography in detail. The extreme events in Northwest China were evaluated further using the BCC-CSM2-HR and the observation data from China Meteorological Data Center. The BCC-CSM2-HR provided a good simulation of the spatial distribution of extreme climate events in Northwest China, and the spatial distribution of TXx, TNx, TXn, and TNn in Northwest China show closer proximity to the observation than that of TX90p, TN90p, TX10p, and TN10p, even in the case of extreme heavy precipitation. This case study of the extreme weather events showed that the BCC-CSM2-HR model had the best simulation performance for extreme high temperature events in Northwest China, followed by extreme low temperature events, and had the worst simulation ability for extreme precipitation events.

Light-induced ultrafast spin dynamics in materials is of great importance for the developments of spintronics and magnetic storage technology. Recent progresses include ultrafast demagnetization, magnetic switching and magnetic phase transitions while the ultrafast generation of magnetism is hardly achieved. Here, a strong light-induced magnetization (up to 0.86μB per formula unit) has been identified in non-magnetic monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). With the state-of-the-art time-dependent density functional theory simulations, we demonstrate that the out-of-plane magnetization can be induced by circularly polarized laser, where chiral phonons play a vital role. The phonons strongly modulate spin-orbital interactions and promote electronic transitions between the two conduction band states, achieving an effective magnetic field ~380 Tesla. Our study provides important insights into the ultrafast magnetization and spin-phonon coupling dynamics, facilitating effective light-controlled valleytronics and magnetism.