High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils generate local heat during the transmission of alternating current (AC), resulting in a decrease in thermal stability. The influence of relevant factors on the local heating location and temperature of the coil is still unclear. In order to strengthen the protection and operation monitoring of the superconducting coil, it is necessary to research this. Based on the H-formulation, the paper uses the electromagnetic–thermal coupling finite element method (FEM) to establish a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric model of the YBCO coil. The AC loss and temperature when the coil transmits alternating currents of power frequency are analyzed. Firstly, the internal temperature distribution of the coil is analyzed, and the influence of the turn number on the location of the highest temperature is discussed. For a 16-turn coil, the effects of the convective heat transfer coefficient and the thickness of the insulating layer between two turns on the magneto-caloric properties of the coil are discussed, respectively. The results show that, below 100 turns, the highest temperature of the coil occurs near the inner side; improving the heat transfer efficiency and appropriately reducing the thickness of the inter-turn insulating layer is beneficial to suppress the temperature rise and reduce the temperature difference inside the coil. The research conclusions provide a reference for the design and protection monitoring of HTS coils.

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