The colorimetric response of polydiacetylene was observed at the single microdomain level via hyperspectral microscopy, revealing the blue-to-red transition patterns unique to each stimulus.

The antimicrobial peptide double cooperative effect, where the mixture of two major antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and HNP1 kills bacteria more efficiently while minimizing the host damage by suppressing mammalian cell membrane lysis, has garnered attention due to its potential applications toward efficient and safe antibiotics. However, its mechanism is completely unknown. In this work, we report that the double cooperative effect can be partially recapitulated in synthetic lipid systems just by varying the lipid composition between eukaryotic and Escherichia coli membranes. Although real cell membranes are so much more complex than just lipids, including, e.g., membrane proteins and polysaccharides, our data implicates that one of the main driving forces of the double cooperative effect is a simple lipid−peptide interaction.

The antimicrobial peptide double cooperative effect, where the mixture of two major antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and HNP1 kills bacteria more efficiently while minimizing the host damage by suppressing mammalian cell membrane lysis, has garnered attentions due to its potential applications towards efficient and safe antibiotics. However, its mechanism is completely unknown. In this work, we report that the double cooperative effect can be partially recapitulated in synthetic lipid systems just by varying the lipid composition between eukaryotic and E. coli. membranes. Although real cell membranes are so much more complex than just lipids, including e.g. membrane proteins and polysaccharides, our data implicates that one of the main driving forces of the double cooperative effect is a simple lipid-peptide interaction.

The antimicrobial peptide double cooperative effect, where the mixture of two major antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and HNP1 kills bacteria more efficiently while minimizing the host damage by suppressing mammalian cell membrane lysis, has garnered attentions due to its potential applications towards efficient and safe antibiotics. However, its mechanism is completely unknown. In this work, we report that the double cooperative effect can be partially recapitulated in synthetic lipid systems just by varying the lipid composition between eukaryotic and E. coli. membranes. Although real cell membranes are so much more complex than just lipids, including e.g. membrane proteins and polysaccharides, our data implicates that one of the main driving forces of the double cooperative effect is a simple lipid-peptide interaction.

The structural variance of polydiacetylene (PDA) at the nanoscale even under the same fabrication conditions is one of the origins of its poor reproducibility in chemo/biosensing. In this work, we present a spatial map of such structural distributions within a single crystal by taking an advantage of the recent development of hyperspectral microscopy in visible wavelength. Hyperspectral microscopy provides the distribution of absorption spectra at the spatial resolution of the standard optical microscopy. By track-ing the blue-to-red transition via this technique, we found that the heat application leaves a fingerprint in the transition pathways.