The net shell is a widely utilized large-span space structure known for its aesthetically pleasing design and uniform load distribution, as well as serving as a prominent architectural landmark. In recent years, the impact resistance research of mesh and shell structures has garnered increased attention due to the accumulation of local conflicts. In this study, a parametric model of the spherical mesh shell was developed with Rhino software, and a numerical analysis model for a K8 mesh shell was established through the application of the ABAQUS finite element analysis software. Subsequently, the proposed numerical analysis method for the impact test was applied to validate its accuracy. The research also explored various dynamic constitutive models, such as Cowper-Symonds, Johnson-Cook, modified temperature term Johnson-Cook, and modified strain term and temperature term Johnson-Cook, with the assessment of their impact on the numerical simulation of impact resistance. Based on the impact dynamic response of the spherical net shell of different materials, the selection of an appropriate dynamic constitutive model for the numerical simulation of impact resistance in the spherical net shell was the MJ-C model. The comparative analysis of different materials, including Q235B, Q355B, Q460D, and 6061-T6, indicated that when the impact material failed to penetrate the structure instantly, the improvement of the material strength would enhance the impact resistance of the structure. On the other hand, when the impact material managed to penetrate the structure instantly, the material strength would not significantly help mitigate the damage. Notably, brittle materials, such as aluminum alloy, exhibited a distinct absence of a pronounced yield stage compared with low-carbon steel, which ultimately led to a relatively abrupt deformation.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an innovative manufacturing process based on 3D digital models that involves layer-by-layer addition of materials. In recent years, 3D printing has made good progress in the field of construction, thereby leading to more stringent requirements for materials. In this study, we first compare different equipment and materials used for 3D printing concrete. Subsequently, the mix ratio of extruded and cured 3D printed concrete is studied by using flow and slump as the main evaluation indexes. Through a universal test, the influence of different dosages of water reducer, retarder, and latex powder on the performance of 3D printed concrete (compression resistance strength) is studied. Furthermore, the optimum mix ratio for fiber reinforced concrete is determined, based on which axial pull-out, axial compression, and three-point bending tests are performed to elucidate the peak compressive strength, load–displacement curve, and mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete. By employing the ABAQUS finite element software, the shaft pulling force and axial compression of 3D printed concrete are simulated and analyzed to determine the parameters influencing the bonding performance of different 3D printed concrete layers. Moreover, the influence of water reducer and sand–glue ratio is observed to be greater than that of water gel ratio and sodium gluconate. The testing results showed that the mechanical strength of 3D printed concrete is lower than that of poured concrete. Meanwhile, bending and compressive strengths of 3D printed concrete and poured concrete are quite different.