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light in this range is known as the first biological window, and the NIR radiation can effectively penetrate biological tissues, which means that a non-destructive and non-invasive diagnosis of the human physiological state can be performed by a perceptible penetration depth in biological tissues. [6] For plant cultivation, red/ photosensitive pigments (PR) and far-red/ photo sensitive pigments (PFR), two pigments indispensable for plant growth, have a specific absorption in the NIR region, and PFR has a strong absorption peak at 730 nm. [7] Various NIR-emitting materials have been developed for halogen lamps, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLED), and phosphor-converted LEDs (pc-LEDs). Among them, halogen lamps have continuous ultra-broadband spectral properties from visible to NIR, but their low luminous efficiency, high operating temperature, and long response time limit their applications. [8] NIR LEDs overcome most of the drawbacks of halogen lamps, but the narrow fullwidth at half maximum (FWHM) and the LED arrangement luminous unevenness also severely limit their utilization at scale. [9] OLEDs are disappointing in terms of efficiency or temperature resistance, even though they have good applicability. [10] The most suitable solution may be the development of NIR pc-LEDs combining InGaN blue LED chips with broadband NIR phosphors. It satisfies both the ultra-broadband spectral emission and the requirements of compactness, efficiency, portability, and low cost. [11] For this purpose, broadband NIR phosphors that are well matched to the blue LED chips need to be developed.Many NIR broadband phosphors based on inorganic matrixdoped activators have been reported so far, [12] however, most of them have disadvantages such as unsuitable NIR emission wavelength, unstable emission intensity at high temperature, and low luminescence efficiency, which greatly limit their applications in various fields. Cr 3+ ions exhibit broadband absorption in the ultraviolet-visible spectral range, which stems from its unique 3d 3 electronic structure. [13] In addition, Cr 3+ ions can display tunable narrowband or broadband spectrum from 600-1600 nm, depending on whether they are in a strong or weak Broadband near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LED) are ideal light sources to meet the next generation of NIR spectroscopy. However, NIR phosphors have numerous problems such as low quantum yields (QY) and low thermal stability. In this work, a series of Gd 3 Y x In x Ga 5-2x O 12 :Cr 3+ NIR broadband phosphors with high internal quantum yields (IQYs) and high thermal stability are discovered by uniquely replacing GaO 6 in Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 with Y 3+ and In 3+ in a co-doped manner through cation modulation. Under 449 nm excitation, Gd 3 Y 0.5 In 0.5 Ga 4 O 12 (GYIG):yCr 3+ depicts emission from 650 to 1050 nm with a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 134 nm. The emission intensity reaches its optimum value at y = 6%, while the IQY reaches an impressive 81.8% and, at 375 K, the emission intensity r...

Net photosynthetic rate (P N ) of tobacco plants grown with NH 4 -N as the only N source was the lowest all the times, while P N grown only with NO 3 -N was the greatest until 22 nd day, and P N grown with both NO 3 -N and NH 4 -N (1 : 1) was the greatest. Maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2), F v /F m , and actual quantum yield of PS2 under actinic irradiation ( PS2 ) in plants grown with only NH 4 -N were greatest at early stage and then decreased and were smaller than those of other treatments. Photochemical quenching coefficient (q P ) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (q NP ) in the NH 4 -N plants were the greatest at all times. Hence excessive NH 4 -N can decrease not only photochemical efficiency but also the efficiency of utilization of photon energy absorbed by pigments for photosynthesis. Therefore, excessive NH 4 -N is a hindrance to photosynthesis of flue-cured tobacco. On the other hand, tobacco cultured with an appropriate mixture of NO 3 -N with NH 4 -N can sufficiently utilize photon energy and increase the efficiency of energy transformation.Additional key words: actual quantum yield of PS2; Nicotiana; photochemical and non-photochemical quenching; photosystem 2. --Photosynthesis is a basic physiological process in crop production. In order to increase output, diversified cultivation measures are adopted to improve photosynthetic capability of crops (Dong et al. 1991). Nitrogen is the main constituent of proteins, chlorophyll (Chl), and enzymes involved in photosynthesis. Therefore, nitrogen affects photosynthesis of crops. The nitrogen absorbed by plants mostly includes NO 3 -N and NH 4 + -N, and their uptake, deposition, and assimilation in crops are different. There have been many studies on the effects of N forms on photosynthesis, growth, yield, and quality of tobacco, but the relationship of nitrogen forms to energy conversion and distribution in photosynthesis has rarely been researched (Han 1996, Feng and Peng 1998, Yang et al. 1999. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation techniques of good quality and high yield tobacco, we studied the effects of N forms on Chl fluorescence and photosynthesis.Tobacco seedlings (cv. K326) having 8 leaves were cultured in the nutrient solution [g m -3 ] N 40,

Functional LILRA3 is a new susceptibility factor for SLE and pSS. It highly predisposes to certain phenotypes such as leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in SLE, and may confer increased disease activity in SLE and a higher risk of leucopenia and autoantibody-positive subphenotypes in pSS.

The single and combinational effects of cadmium (Cd) and fluoranthene (FLT) on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were investigated. Exposure to 5, 10, or 15 mg Cd/L or 1, 5, or 10 mg FLT/L individually or in combination significantly decreased germination vigor (3 days) and final germination rate of soybean seeds, except at 1 and 5 mg FLT/L. The results of two-way ANOVA analysis and the Bliss independence model showed that at lower concentrations of FLT (1 mg/L), the interaction between Cd and FLT on germination was antagonistic, whereas the interaction was synergistic when the concentration of FLT was 5 or 10 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 15 mg/L. Growth, expressed as dry weight, length of shoot and root, leaf area, and photosynthesis, expressed as net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO 2 concentration, chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of soybean seedlings were also reduced by exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L, singly or jointly. Significant antagonistic effects of exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L on shoot growth and photosynthesis were observed, whereas synergy and antagonism of Cd and FLT were both observed for root growth.