Sulfur-containing scaffold, as aubiquitous structural motif, has been frequently used in natural products, bioactive chemicals and pharmaceuticals, particularly CÀS/NÀS bonds are indispensable in many biological importantc ompounds and pharmaceuticals. Development of mild and general methods for CÀS/NÀSb onds formation hasg reat significance in modern research. Iodine and its derivativesh ave been recognizeda si nexpensive,e nvironmentally benign and easy-handled catalysts or reagents to promote the construction of CÀS/NÀSb onds under mild reactionc onditions, with good regioselectivities andb road substrate scope.E specially based on this, severaln ew strategies, such as oxidation relay strategy,havebeen greatlydeveloped and accelerated the advancement of this field. This review focuses on recent advances in iodine and its derivatives promoted hybridized CÀS/NÀSbonds formation.The features and mechanisms of corresponding reactions are summarized and the results of some cases are compared with those of previous reports. In addition, the future of this domain is discussed.
Halide perovskites have the potential
to disrupt the photovoltaics
market based on their high performance and low cost. However, the
decomposition of perovskites under moisture, oxygen, and light raises
concerns about service lifetime, especially because degradation mechanisms
and the corresponding rate laws that fit the observed data have thus
far eluded researchers. Here, we report a water-accelerated photooxidation
mechanism dominating the degradation kinetics of archetypal perovskite
CH3NH3PbI3 in air under >1% relative
humidity at 25 °C. From this mechanism, we develop a kinetic
model that quantitatively predicts the degradation rate as a function
of temperature, ambient O2 and H2O levels, and
illumination. Because water is a possible product of dry photooxidation,
these results highlight the
need for encapsulation schemes that rigorously block oxygen ingress,
as product water may accumulate beneath the encapsulant and initiate
the more rapid water-accelerated photooxidative decomposition.
We report a set of brominated luciferins for bioluminescence imaging. These regioisomeric scaffolds were accessed using a common synthetic route. All analogs produced light with firefly luciferase, although varying levels of emission were observed. Differences in photon output were analyzed via computation and photophysical measurements. The “brightest” brominated luciferin was further evaluated in cell and animal models. At low doses, the analog outperformed the native substrate in cells. The remaining luciferins, while weak emitters with firefly luciferase, were inherently capable of light production and thus potential substrates for orthogonal mutant enzymes.
An application for dechalcogenization of aryl dichalcogenides via copper catalysis to synthesize aryl chalcogenides is disclosed. This approach is highlighted by the practical conditions, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance with several sensitive groups such as aldehyde, ketone, ester, amide, cyanide, alkene, nitro, and methylsulfonyl. Furthermore, the robustness of this methodology is depicted by the late-stage modification of estrone and synthesis of vortioxetine. Remarkably, synthesis of more challenging organic materials with large ring tension under milder conditions and synthesis of some halogen contained diaryl sulfides which could not be synthesized using metal-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl halogen are successfully accomplished with this protocol.
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