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This paper provides a rigorous and gap-free proof of the index theorem used in the theory of regular economy. In the index theorem that is the subject of this paper, the assumptions for the excess demand function are only several usual assumptions and continuous differentiability around any equilibrium price, and thus it has a form that is applicable to many economies. However, the textbooks on this theme contain only abbreviated proofs and there is no known monograph that contains a rigorous proof of this theorem. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to make this theorem available to more economists by constructing a readable proof.

In this paper, we show that the existence of a global solution of a standard first-order partial differential equation can be reduced to the extendability of the solution of the corresponding ordinary differential equation under the differentiable and locally Lipschitz environments. By using this result, we can produce many known existence theorems for partial differential equations. Moreover, we demonstrate that such a result can be applied to the integrability problem in consumer theory. This result holds even if the differentiability condition is dropped.