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Toroidal inductors are widely used in power electronic systems. With the increasing switching frequency of power devices, the AC losses of high‐frequency inductor windings have become an issue that cannot be ignored in design. A method with low computational time cost and high accuracy is urgently needed by designers. This paper proposes a modified analytical method for winding loss calculation of toroidal inductors based on the one‐dimensional Dowell method and the two‐dimensional Ferreira method, and proposes a compensated analytical model considering the proximity effect of inter‐turn conductors of toroidal windings. The analytical method calculates the non‐linear porosity of toroidal windings, and can accurately solve the AC losses of toroidal inductors with arbitrary porosity winding encapsulation. The analytical results are in good agreement with the finite element method (FEM) and experimental data. The experimental measurement data verifies the validity of the proposed model within 1‐MHz frequency, the calculation error of the modified analytical method is less than 25%, and the calculation error of the compensated analytical model is reduced to 10%.

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In recent years, researchers from various countries have found that atmospheric microparticle pollution occurring around the world has seriously endangered human health and the earth’s ecological environment. In order to solve the problem of atmospheric micro-particle pollution, researchers have carried out multi-faceted analysis on its source, composition and causes of pollution. However, few people combine the complex electromagnetic environment in space with the problem of micro-particle pollution in recent years. In this study, it is found that atmospheric suspended microparticles have weak magnetism and carry charge, so it is preliminarily explored whether space electromagnetic radiation has an effect on microparticles. Based on this background, this study used simulation modeling and experimental verification methods. The results show that the physical properties of atmospheric suspended microparticles will be significantly changed by electromagnetic radiation.