Key message S29 haplotype does not require the MLPK function for self-incompatibility in Brassica rapa. Abstract Self-incompatibility (SI) in Brassicaceae is regulated by the self-recognition mechanism, which is based on the S-haplotype-specific direct interaction of the pollen-derived ligand, SP11/SCR, and the stigma-side receptor, SRK. M locus protein kinase (MLPK) is known to be one of the positive effectors of the SI response. MLPK directly interacts with SRK, and is phosphorylated by SRK in Brassica rapa. In Brassicaceae, MLPK was demonstrated to be essential for SI in B. rapa and Brassica napus, whereas it is not essential for SI in Arabidopsis thaliana (with introduced SRK and SP11/SCR from related SI species). Little is known about what determines the need for MLPK in SI of Brassicaceae. In this study, we investigated the relationship between S-haplotype diversity and MLPK function by analyzing the SI phenotypes of different S haplotypes in a mlpk/mlpk mutant background. The results have clarified that in B. rapa, all the S haplotypes except the S29 we tested need the MLPK function, but the S29 haplotype does not require MLPK for the SI. Comparative analysis of MLPK-dependent and MLPK-independent S haplotype might provide new insight into the evolution of S-haplotype diversity and the molecular mechanism of SI in Brassicaceae.

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In Japanese moment resisting steel frames, H-shaped beams are rigidly connected to the box sectional columns which have high fork restraint against lateral buckling deformation of beams subjected to flexural moment. On the other hand, most of beams in frames are connected with continuous braces which are effective to prevent the lateral buckling. In this paper, the equation of the elastic lateral buckling load for H-shaped beams with fork restraint and continuous braces are developed. Elasto-plastic lateral buckling stresses and lateral stiffing force and rotational stiffing moment of continuous braces are evaluated by the energy method and numerical analyses.

transfer distance and to decrease the start-up time. However, the flow paths of the plate generator were not large enough to separate the refrigerant vapor from the two-phase flow. Therefore, a gas-liquid separator was also introduced. Commonly used working fluids in absorption refrigeration systems include ammonia as the refrigerant with water as the absorbent and water as the refrigerant with LiBr as the absorbent. The primary drawback of the ammonia-water pair is that ammonia is toxic, and systems that use it are regulated under the High Pressure Gas Safety Act. The primary drawback of the water-LiBr pair is that systems using it are unable to work at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. As the working conditions of air conditioners in vehicles are more severe than those in residential use, 2,2,2-

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