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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that pole vaulters regulate their stride length during the approach run, and to determine the eŠects of diŠerently regulated gait patterns on take-oŠ velocity and performance. The approach runs and take-oŠ movements of ten male pole vaulters were analyzed. It was revealed that each pole vaulter regulated his gait pattern in the approach run in order to adjust for the distance to the toe-box at take-oŠ, in a similar way to the technique used by long jumpers and triple jumpers. The standard deviation of the distance to the toe-box at take-oŠ and the length of each step in the approach run showed no signiˆcant diŠerence between high-and low-performance-level vaulters. However, vaulters with a higher personal best started to adjust their stride length earlier than vaulters with a lower personal best, and hadˆnished most of their run-up adjustment by the second to last stride. To clarify the eŠect of run-up adjustment on the velocity in the take-oŠ phase, the subjects were classied into three groups according to the timing of their adjustment: Early, Medium, and Adjacent. It was found that the take-oŠ velocity of Early Adjusters tended to be higher than in the other groups, and that Adjacent Adjusters had the lowest velocity.The presentˆndings suggest that in order to perform well in the pole vault, it is important for the vaulter to regulate his stride length in the approach run, rather than performing a stereotyped run-up. In addition, regulation of stride in theˆrst half of the approach run and avoidance of stride regulation immediately before take-oŠ seem to be more eŠective for achieving better performance.

This study was conducted to clarify the differences in sprint and change of direction performances on different futsal flooring systems (area-elastic (AE) vs. combined-elastic (CE)). Eight recreational athletes were recruited to perform the 505-agility test on three different EN 14904-certified futsal playing surfaces (AE, CE1 and CE2). All participants wore an identical footwear during the test. Timing-gate systems were utilized to record the time of 5-m sprint run-up and the change of direction components from the agility test. Participants were also requested to evaluate the perceived shoe-surface overall traction performance after each trial. The differences of performance across all surfaces were analyzed by one-way ANOVA repeated measures (p < 0.05). Results revealed that there was significant difference in change of direction performance between CE1 and CE2 surfaces (p = 0.04). It was also found that the mean score of the perceived traction performance evaluated by the participants were significantly different across all surfaces (p < 0.05).

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