By simultaneously analyzing the chlorophyll a Xuorescence transient and light absorbance at 820 nm as well as chlorophyll Xuorescence quenching, we investigated the eVects of diVerent photon Xux densities (0, 15, 200 mol m ¡2 s ¡1 ) with or without 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) on the repair process of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves after treatment with low temperature (6°C) combined with moderate photon Xux density (200 mol m ¡2 s ¡1 ) for 6 h. Both the maximal photochemical eYciency of Photosystem II (PSII) (F v /F m ) and the content of active P700 ( I/I o ) signiWcantly decreased after chilling treatment under 200 mol m ¡2 s ¡1 light. After the leaves were transferred to 25°C, F v /F m recovered quickly under both 200 and 15 mol m ¡2 s ¡1 light. I/I o recovered quickly under 15 mol m ¡2 s ¡1 light, but the recovery rate of I/I o was slower than that of F v /F m . The cyclic electron transport was inhibited by chilling-light treatment obviously. The recovery of I/I o was severely suppressed by 200 mol m ¡2 s ¡1 light, whereas a pretreatment with DCMU eVectively relieved this suppression. The cyclic electron transport around PSI recovered in a similar way as the active P700 content did, and the recovery of them was both accelerated by pretreatment with DCMU.The results indicate that limiting electron transport from PSII to PSI protected PSI from further photoinhibition, accelerating the recovery of PSI. Under a given photon Xux density, faster recovery of PSII compared to PSI was detrimental to the recovery of PSI or even to the whole photosystem.

U2AF1 mutations (U2AF1MT) occur commonly in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) without ring sideroblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and biological implications of different U2AF1 mutation types in MDS. We performed targeted gene sequencing in a cohort of 511 MDS patients. Eighty-six patients (17%) were found to have U2AF1MT, which occurred more common in younger patients (P = .001) and represented ancestral lesions in a substantial proportion (71%) of cases. ASXL1MT and isolated +8 were significantly enriched in U2AF1MT-positive cases, whereas TP53MT, SF3B1MT, and complex karyotypes were inversely associated with U2AF1MT. U2AF subjects were enriched for isolated +8 and were inversely associated with complex karyotypes. U2AF1MT was significantly associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and poor survival in both lower-risk and higher-risk MDS. U2AF1 subjects had more frequently platelet levels of <50 × 10 /L (P = .043) and U2AF1 /U2AF1 subjects had more frequently hemoglobin concentrations at <80 g/L (P = .008) and more often overt fibrosis (P = .049). In conclusion, our study indicates that U2AF1MT is one of the earliest genetic events in MDS patients and that different types of U2AF1MT have distinct clinical and biological characteristics.

The combined genetic tests of JAK2 V617F, JAK2 exon 12, MPL exon 10, and CALR exon 9 help improve the diagnostic rate for BCR-ABL1-negative MPN.

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are water-soluble plant glycoproteins belonging to the cupin superfamily. The important role of GLPs in plant responses against various abiotic and biotic stresses, especially pathogens, is well validated. However, little is known about cotton GLPs in relation to fungal pathogens. Here, a novel GLP gene was isolated from Gossypium hirsutum and designated as GhABP19 . The expression of GhABP19 was upregulated in cotton plants inoculated with Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum and in response to treatment with jasmonic acid (JA) but was suppressed in response to salicylic acid treatment. A relatively small transient increase in GhABP19 was seen in H 2 O 2 treated samples. The three-dimensional structure prediction of the GhABP19 protein indicated that the protein has three histidine and one glutamate residues responsible for metal ion binding and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Purified recombinant GhABP19 exhibits SOD activity and could inhibit growth of V. dahliae , F. oxysporum , Rhizoctonia solani , Botrytis cinerea , and Valsa mali in vitro . To further verify the role of GhABP19 in fungal resistance, GhABP19 -overexpressing Arabidopsis plants and GhABP19 -silenced cotton plants were developed. GhABP19-transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed much stronger resistance to V. dahliae and F. oxysporum infection than control (empty vector) plants did. On the contrary, silencing of GhABP19 in cotton conferred enhanced susceptibility to fungal pathogens, which resulted in necrosis and wilt on leaves and vascular discoloration in GhABP19 -silenced cotton plants. The H 2 O 2 content and endogenous SOD activity were affected by GhABP19 expression levels in Arabidopsis and cotton plants after inoculation with V. dahliae and F. oxysporum , respectively. Furthermore, GhABP19 overexpression or silencing resulted in activation or suppression of JA-mediated signaling, respectively. Thus, GhABP19 plays important roles in the regulation of resistance to verticillium and fusarium wilt in plants. These modulatory roles were exerted by its SOD activity and ability to activate the JA pathway. All results suggest that GhABP19 was involved in plant disease resistance.

Target-specific next-generation sequencing technology was used to analyze 112 genes in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This sequencing mainly focused on the specific mutational hotspots. Among the 121 patients, 93 patients were B-ALL (76.9%), and 28 patients (23.1%) were T-ALL. Of the 121 patients, 110 (90.9%) harbored at least one mutation. The five most frequently mutated genes in T-ALL are NOTCH1, JAK3, FBXW7, FAT1, and NRAS. In B-ALL, FAT1, SF1, CRLF2, TET2, and PTPN1 have higher incidence of mutations. Gene mutations are different between Ph+ALL and Ph−ALL patients. B-ALL patients with PTPN11 mutation and T-ALL patients with NOTCH1 and/or FBXW7 mutations showed better survival. But B-ALL with JAK1/JAK2 mutations showed worse survival. The results suggest that gene mutations exist in adult ALL patients universally, they are related with prognosis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0431-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.