The aim of the study is to identify long-range transport pathways that may have an important influence on PM 10 levels in plateau uplift area, namely Xining in northwestern China. Cluster analysis was applied to identify the main trajectory groups in horizontal direction and 3D cluster analysis was employed to identify the origins and distributions of major trajectory groups in vertical direction. Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) and Concentration-weighted Trajectory (CWT) were applied to identify the major potential source areas (PSA). Based on the temporal and spatial distribution of backward trajectories, four major trajectory pathways were clustered. The results indicated that Xining was easily affected by inland trajectories in four seasons but there were obvious results that different trajectories have dissimilar influences on the mean PM 10 concentrations. In horizontal direction, the long-range transport pathways were obvious in spring and winter while a few of long-range transport pathways could be found in summer and autumn. Because wind mainly came from north or west in spring and winter and it was very strong, which had a big influence on the transportation of transport pathways while wind in summer and autumn had a small impact on the transportation of transport pathways. In vertical direction, in the 700 hPa barometric altitude (3000 m) above, air masses in winter and spring with long transport pathways were the most important back-trajectories which had a great influence on Xining city. In summer and autumn, Xining was mainly influenced by airflow distributed below 700 hPa barometric altitude. In spring and winter, eastern Xinjiang, border areas between Gansu and Inner Mongolia and southern Tibet in China with the highest Weight Potential Source Contribution Function (WPSCF) and Weight Concentration-weighted Trajectory (WCWT) values were the dominant potential sources, which demonstrated the contribution from sources outside of Xining were significant. In summer and autumn, WPSCF values outside of Xining were no more than 0.5 (most of them were less than 0.3) and WCWT values were almost lower than 100 µg m -3 in those two seasons, which suggested that there were no main important PSA in those two seasons. Furthermore, the study also revealed that Tibet in China was one of the potential sources of PM 10 in Xining.
The interferon‐inducible protein with tetrapeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) is one of the most important members in both the IFIT family and interferon‐stimulated genes family. IFIT3 has typical features of the IFIT family in terms of gene and protein structures, and is able to be activated through the classical PRRs‐IFN‐JAK/STAT pathway. A variety of viruses can induce the expression of IFIT3, which in turn inhibits the replication of viruses, with the underlying mechanism showing its crucial role in antiviral innate immunity. Emerging studies have also identified that IFIT3 is involved in cellular biology changes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and cancer development. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of IFIT3 with respect to molecular structure and regulatory pathways, highlighting the role of IFIT3 in antiviral innate immunity, as well as its diverse biological roles. We also discuss the potential of IFIT3 as a biomarker in disease diagnosis and therapy.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a kind of head-and-neck malignant tumor, and distant metastasis treatment resistance is the leading cause of patient death. In-depth understanding of NPC progression and treatment failure remains to be explored. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that play key regulatory role in shaping tumor cell activities. Recent studies have revealed that lncRNA and circRNA function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by regulating the posttranscriptional expression of genes as miRNA baits. The imbalanced ceRNA networks derived from lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction are widely found to contribute to NPC development. Herein, we summarize typical examples of lncRNA/circRNA-associated ceRNAs in recent years, which involved the potential molecular mechanisms in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, treatment resistance and metastasis of NPC, and discuss their potential clinical significance in the prognosis and treatment of NPC. Interpreting the involvement of ceRNAs networks will provide new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of NPC. However, ceRNA regulatory mechanism has some limitations currently. Screening the most effective ceRNA targets and the clinical application of ceRNA still has many challenges.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.