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In the last decade, there has been a growing concern in Japan about the proper use of resources related to emergency medical services, including ambulances. This letter proposes two new methods to optimize the ambulance deployment using a dynamic model, which precisely represents the sequential decision-making process of ambulances dispatched to each request. These methods give allocations to minimize the arrival times in all requests but differ in formulating objectives: one minimizes the average, and the other minimizes the maximum. A computer simulation is used to compare the performances of the two methods in terms of efficiency and fairness.

We examine network formation via bilateral trade agreement (BTA) among three symmetric countries. Each government decides whether to form a link or not via a BTA depending on the differential of ex-post and ex-ante sum of real wages in the country. We model the governmental decision in two forms, myopic and farsighted and analyze the effects on the BTA network formation. First, we find that both myopic and farsighted games never induce the formation of star networks nor empty networks. Second, the networks resulting from myopic game coincides with those resulting from farsighted games.