There was no major problem in switching from tiotropium HandiHaler to Respimat. Respimat and HandiHaler showed similar effects and usability. However, we should be aware of cough just after inhalation with Respimat.

Dihydroxo- and dimethoxo(tetraphenylporphyrinato)phosphorus(V) complexes ([P(OR)2tpp]+) were immobilized on silica-gel powder affording a visible-light driven photocatalyst ([P(OR)2tpp]/SiO2; 1). Bactericidal effect of complexes 1a (R = H) and 1b (R = Me) on Escherichia coli were investigated under visible-light irradiation. In the case of complex 1a, the amount of E. coli decreased linearly versus the irradiation time, showing that the bactericidal reaction obeyed zero-order kinetics. Adsorption of bacteria on the catalyst is thought to be a key pathway by analysis according to Michaelis–Menten’s equation. Complex 1a was more effective for sterilization than complex 1b. Stabilities of the [P(OR)2tpp]+ immobilized on silica-gel beads (2) were investigated in aqueous CaCl2 and NaCl solutions. The elution of the [P(OH)2tpp]+ chromophore from complex 2a (R = H) was faster than it was from complex 2b (R = Me).

ABSTRACT. In order to assess the functional role of the polyamines spermidine and spermine in pancreatic betacells, we examined the effect of spermidine and spermine synthase inhibitors, trans-4-methylcyclohexylamine (MCHA) and N-(3-aminopropyl)cyclohexylamine (APCHA), on cellular polyamine and insulin contents, insulin secretion, and cytoplasmic Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) in mouse insulin-secreting Beta-TC6 cells. The cellular spermidine and spermine contents were reduced 90% and 64% by cultivation of cells in the presence of MCHA and APCHA for 3 days, respectively. Addition of spermidine or spermine reversed the polyamine level reduced by MCHA or APCHA, respectively. Insulin secretion was decreased 40~60% in the cells treated with MCHA or APCHA. The reduction by MCHA was reversed to the untreated level by adding spermidine exogenously, while the effect of APCHA was not reversed by treatment with spermine. The cellular insulin content was also reduced by treatment with MCHA but not the expression of insulin 1 and 2 genes, suggesting that spermidine was involved in the translation of insulin mRNAs. The elevation of [Ca 2+ ]i, a key event triggering insulin secretion induced by glucose, was reduced in Beta-TC6 cells by MCHA treatment. The spermidine synthase inhibitor also augmented the sustained [Ca 2+ ]i rise induced by carbamylcholine but not by a high concentration of KCl or nicotine. These results suggested that spermidine rather than spermine plays an important role in the regulation of insulin synthesis and the glucose-induced [Ca 2+ ]i rise in Beta-TC6 cells.

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