It is important to study the performance of cotton fiber products with respect to the environment in which they are used, but it is also difficult to study the mechanical properties of cotton fiber because of its irregular cross-section. In this study, the objectives were to clarify the differences in the fundamental mechanical properties of single cotton fibers in terms of how the fibers are affected by the following two points. First, the effect of the cultivating method, namely comparing cotton fiber grown using agricultural chemicals with organically grown cotton fiber, and comparing cotton yarns made of non-organic or organic cotton fibers. The second point is the effect 1 of the area of cultivation, namely whether the fiber was cultivated in the northern or southern hemisphere. This point of view is based on research by Onogi [1]. It has been reported that the rules of surface orientation differ for cotton fibril cultivated in the northern and southern hemispheres, regardless of the growing regions and the kinds of cotton. On the basis of these rules, the authors supposed that the mechanical properties of the yarns which made up Abstract Two kinds of cotton fibers cultivated by different methods were measured and the mechanical properties of these fibers were compared with the mechanical properties of cotton yarns made of organic cotton fiber and non-organic cotton fiber. In this study, the mechanical properties of single cotton fibers and cotton yarns the authors measured and the moduli were calculated by assuming that the cross-section of the cotton fiber is elliptical. It was also found that the strains and stresses of breaking point of organic cotton fibers were larger than those of non-organic cotton fibers. Cotton fibers cultivated in different areas were then examined and it was found that the moduli of cotton fibers cultivated in the northern or southern hemisphere (USA and Australian cottons in this study) were very similar, and the yarn properties for yarns made from cotton fibers from both areas were also very similar. However, the yarn consisting of a mixture of cottons in the northern and southern hemispheres had larger strain, torsional stiffness and hysteresis. It was concluded that the deterioration of fibers consisting of a mixture of cotton contributes to the yarn properties, because the rules of surface orientation differ for cotton fibrils cultivated in the northern and the southern hemisphere as shown in Onogi's study (Textile Res. J. 66, 406-410 (1996)).

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