Although a comparative study was not performed, 1-stage surgery consisting of resection of an aneurysm and esophagus, in situ reconstruction of the descending aorta, and omental flap installation provided a better outcome in the treatment for AEF. Bridging TEVAR to the open surgery is a useful adjunct in patients with AEF with hemorrhagic shock. Later reconstruction of the esophagus can be performed in the survivors.

Sarcopenia did not predict hospital death following total arch replacement, but it was negatively associated with overall survival. Sarcopenia can be an additional risk factor to estimate the outcomes of thoracic aortic surgery.

Aggressive direct reperfusion of the carotid artery before the aortic repair may reduce neurological complications in patients with preoperative brain malperfusion secondary to acute aortic dissection.

The durability of valve-sparing root replacement in acute aortic dissection was suboptimal. The major cause of late failure was commissure detachment after primary repair with buttress sutures and glue. Gelatin-resorcinol-formaldehyde glue should be avoided for commissural resuspension in patients with acute aortic dissection.

Early outcomes following graft replacement of Kommerell's diverticulum and in-situ aberrant subclavian artery reconstruction were acceptable. In terms of long-term outcomes, symptomatic improvement and an excellent patency rate among reconstructed aberrant subclavian arteries suggest that in-situ surgical repair is an effective treatment option.