This scoring system for postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction provides an objective measure of dysfunction related to specific surgical procedures and correlates with activities of daily living in the postoperative period.

Aims: This study examined the long-term quality of life (QOL) of living liver donors (LLDs) in Japan using both generic and LLD-specific instruments. Methods:The sample comprised 374 LLDs from five university hospitals in Japan who underwent surgery more than a year previously. QOL was evaluated using the Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) and LLD-QOL scale.Results: SF-36 results indicated that the overall long-term QOL of LLDs was significantly better than the Japanese standard. When comparing by donor factors, LLDs whose recipients were children scored higher for "satisfaction" than those whose recipients were adults on the LLD-QOL scale. LLDs with complications had lower QOL for "scars" and "burden" on the LLD-QOL scale but no differences in SF-36 scores.LLDs with longer hospital stay had lower physical QOL on SF-36 and lower QOL for "scars" and "after-effects" on the LLD-QOL scale. LLDs whose recipients have died showed lower mental QOL on SF-36 and lower "satisfaction" and greater "lack of understanding of donor health" on the LLD-QOL scale. approved this study. Participants received a written explanation of the study protocol. We used anonymous questionnaires and considered that consent was obtained if participants completed and returned the questionnaire. | PatientsThe initial sample included all LLDs (n = 820) who underwent partial hepatectomy for donation at any of the five university hospitals in Japan (University Hospital) between 1992 and 2011. | Study procedure and instrumentsIn this study, participants were mailed a package of materials, including a brief explanation of the study objectives, the SF-36 questionnaire, and the LLD-QOL scale. We also included questions regarding demographic factors (gender and age) and background information (year of donation, donor-recipient relationship, age of the recipient at the time of surgery, donor complications, length of hospital stay, and recipient prognosis). | SF-36 v2™ Health Survey Standard, Japanese versionThe SF-36 (Japanese version) is a generic self-assessment questionnaire for measuring QOL. It contains 36 items in eight subscales: Conclusions: Our multicenter study clarified the long-term QOL of LLDs and suggested that donors' QOL was related to the donors' and recipients' ages, donor's complications and hospital stay length, and recipient's prognosis. K E Y W O R D Sdonor follow-up, donor hepatectomy, liver transplantation, living donor, quality of life (QOL)

Society 5.0, a visionary human-centered societal model, fuels economic development and resolves long-standing social problems. The model establishes a technological foundation and social contract to integrate cyberspace into the physical (real) space fully. The medical infrastructure outlined by the model envisions a healthcare paradigm that revolves around preventative, lifelong patient-and population-centered care that functions seamlessly within one's daily life.In satisfying this goal, cross-hierarchical integrative data-driven biological research has received attention due to medical big data and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, capable of highly accurate and rapid data analysis. However, the collection of big data has been a bottleneck, and the capability of AI analysis is not being utilized to its full potential. In solving this obstacle, we explore mobile health (mHealth) and multi-omics as two rich sources of medical big data. Additionally, we discuss the implications of cross-hierarchical integrative analysis that encompasses all levels of cellular function, from intracellular molecular dynamics to end-phenotypes. This is to understand ocular disease pathology and implement the pillars of P4 (predictive, personalized, preventative, participatory) medicine toward human-centered healthcare.Here, we discuss notable studies in utilizing mHealth to stratify subjective symptoms, presentations of dry eye disease, and employing multi-omics machine learning targeted at elucidating immunologic mechanisms of corneal allograft rejection and ocular inflammation. We also discuss the role of cross-hierarchical integrative data-driven research in promoting futureoriented healthcare envisioned by the Society 5.0 plan.

The findings of this study confirmed the reliability and validity of the LLD QOL scale, which can be used for quantitatively evaluating the QOL of LLDs.