Background Resilience, referring to the inherent ability to naturally recover in the face of adverse conditions, is an essential concept in discussions of substance use disorder (SUD) recovery. This study’s objective was to shed light on resilience and related factors that affect relapse risk in patients with SUDs. Method Fifty-two patients with SUDs were given a self-administrated questionnaire from February to April 2015 consisting of question items for sociodemographic characteristics, relapse risk (Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale), and resilience (Bidimensional Resilience Scale). Scale scores were tested for associations with subject attributes, after which resilience’s effects on relapse risk were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression (forced-entry) analyses. Results Stimulants were the most common substance related to SUD (n = 26, 21.7%; multiple answers). Bivariate correlation showed that higher acquired resilience was significantly associated with a lower relapse risk (r = − 0.314, P < 0.01). Reduced relapse risk was significantly associated with current employment (Std. β = − 0.446, P < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the necessity of recovery support to enhance acquired resistance in patients with SUDs to prevent relapses. Reinforcing employment support services and encouraging patients to continue treatment were suggested as potentially effective measures to enhance resilience in individuals with SUDs on their road to recovery.

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Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between controllability, a key attribution about the causality of behavior, and intention to help adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among nursing students. Methods: A total of 351 students from different nursing schools and universities were included in the study. An online survey utilizing a hypothetical vignette was conducted among nursing students after they read a vignette depicting the behavioral problems of adolescents with ASD. Results: In total, 227 participants completed the survey questionnaire (response rate: 64.6%), and 192 responses were analyzed. Results of the structural equation modeling showed that our hypothesized model adequately fits the data about the attribution theory (CFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.931, RMSEA = 0.072). Controllability was indirectly related to the intention of helping through sympathy and anger. Students who believed that the behavioral problems of adolescents with ASD are attributable to less controllable characteristics were more likely to have a stronger intention of helping. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that interventions that alter nursing students' controllability of the behavioral problems of adolescents with ASD may foster feelings of sympathy and enhance the intention of helping.

Aim: Resilience is an essential concept in discussions of substance use disorder recovery, referring to the inherent ability to naturally recover in the face of adverse conditions. This study’s objective was to shed light on resilience and related factors that affect relapse risk in patients with SUDs. Method : Fifty-two SUD patients were given a self-administrated questionnaire from February to April 2015, consisting of question items for sociodemographic characteristics, relapse risk (Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale), and resilience (Bidimensional Resilience Scale). Scale scores were tested for associations with subject attributes, after which resilience’s effects on relapse risk were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression (forced-entry) analyses. Results : Stimulants were the most common drug of abuse (n = 26, 21.7%; multiple answers). Reduced relapse risk was significantly associated with current employment (Std. β ＝-0.446, P < 0.05). Conclusion : Our findings demonstrate the necessity of recovery support to enhance acquired resistance in SUD patients in order to prevent relapses. Reinforcing employment support services and encouraging patients to continue treatment were suggested as potentially effective measures to enhance resilience in individuals with SUDs on their road to recovery.