Primary umbilical endometriosis is a rare disorder and is defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue within the umbilicus. A patient with painful mass in the umbilicus during menstrual period is studied in this paper. The possibility of subcutaneous endometriosis should be considered when an umbilical mass is detected despite the absence of previous surgery. In this case, urachal cancer, urachal remnant, umbilical endometriosis, and its malignant transformation were among the diseases considered in the differential diagnosis. Complete excision and histology are necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis and optimal treatment for umbilical subcutaneous endometriosis.

LPS-induced pelvic inflammation status enhanced the development of murine endometriosis-like lesions via NF-κB pathway.

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LC for OE could be a preferred surgical approach, but effective therapeutic strategies will have to be developed to prevent damage to the ovarian reserve, especially for older patients.

Adenomyosis is a commonly encountered gynecological disease, affecting women of reproductive age. Although the prevalence of adenomyosis remains unknown, the diagnosis is more often made in multiparous patients, in their fourth and fifth decade of life. 1 Clinical problems caused by adenomyosis include the impaired quality of life due to severe painful symptoms, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and infertility, demanding appropriate treatment. 2 Despite its prevalence and the severity of the symptoms, the pathogenesis and etiology of adenomyosis have yet to be elucidated. Epidemiological data suggest that a large number of births, spontaneous and induced abortions, and endometrial hyperplasia are associated with increased risks of adenomyosis. 3 Other risk factors associated with