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A theoretical study has been made of the medium-pressure rare-gas positive-column plasma by taking into account the effects of molecular ion formation, volume recombination and ionisation due to metastable atoms, simultaneously. Calculated values of the electron temperature and the densities of metastable atoms, molecular and atomic ions, at various gas pressures for both He and Ne gases are presented. Numerical results show that in a rare-gas positive-column plasma, molecular ions become dominant in the discharge as the gas pressure increases above approximately 10 Torr. Theoretical values are compared with the experimental data and discussed. A new method to determine the three-body conversion rate coefficient is also proposed.

The open-circuit voltage of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p-i-n solar cells depends on the surface morphology of transparent electrodes and the i-layer thickness. We have studied the relationship between the V oc and these parameters experimentally. To investigate the detailed mechanism of the V oc drop, transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM) were used, and it was found by the TEM images that white stripelike defective regions were generated in the i-layer deposited on highly textured transparent electrodes. From the current-voltage characteristics of these solar cells under the dark condition, the relationship between the defects and the electrical properties of the cells has been studied. The results showed that the defect acts as a recombination center of carriers.