This study provides the first evidence for a synergistic ATO/CDDP anticancer (apoptotic) activity in OSCC cells with a favorable DRI, thereby highlighting its potential as a combinational therapeutic regime in OSCC.

One new approach to cancer therapy is based on the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells and anti-CD25 antibodies. In the present study, CD8 + and IFN-γ secreting T lymphocytes (CTLs) were enriched as tumorspecific cytotoxic T cells from spleen lymphocytes of mice bearing the Renca tumor (a murine renal carcinoma line originating from a BALB/c mouse) after stimulation with tumor cells. An anti-CD25 IL-2Rα(anti-CD25) mAb from hybridoma PC61 was used for depletion for CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T (Treg) cells. Treatment-efficacy for tumor-bearing mice was compared using 4 systems: 1, whole spleen lymphocytes stimulated with tumor cells in vitro from tumor-bearing mice; 2, CTLs; 3, anti-CD25 mAbs; 4, CTLs and anti-CD25 mAbs. At the 50th day after tumor inoculation, in the group which received anti-CD25 mAb for depletion of T cells and inoculation of CTLs, tumors had disappeared and no regrowth was observed. In contrast, all mice of the non-treated and other three groups, treated with whole spleen cells alone, CTLs alone and anti-CD25 mAb alone, had died. These results showed that a combination of Treg cell-depletion using anti-CD25 mAbs and CTL administration is a feasible approach for treatment of cancers which warrants further exploration in the clinical setting.

Abstract. Conventional cancer treatments are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but treatment efficiency is insufficient and cancer recurrence is common. Immunotherapy has been added as an important cancer treatment component, but no reports on its efficacy in oral and maxillofacial cancers exist. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using ex vivo-activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the treatment of 7 patients with advanced oral and maxillofacial cancers with stage IV disease at diagnosis. The mean follow-up period was 26.2 months. Phenotype of the lymphocyte assay revealed that the percentage of CD4 + T cells decreased and that of CD8 + T cells increased among infused lymphocytes compared to that in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and infused lymphocytes produced a significantly higher level of IFN-γ than PBMCs or tumor cells alone. In a representative patient who refused surgery tumor regression was confirmed after CTL infusion. Computed tomography clearly indicated a significant reduction in tumor size followed by the complete disappearance of the tumor. Histological examination showed that the cancers in patients receiving CTL therapy were heavily infiltrated with lymphocytes. The other 2 patients who received CTL therapy as adjuvant therapy showed neither recurrent disease nor new disease lesions. The 1-year survival rates showing response and those with progressive disease were 100 and 25%, respectively. Moreover, no significant adverse reactions were reported during the study period. CTL therapy remains in the early stages of treatment options, but it has potential as a valuable treatment and improvement of quality of life for patients with otherwise incurable cancers. IntroductionCancer incurs significant morbidity and mortality, with >6 million deaths occurring each year worldwide (1). Until recently, cancer treatment was a 3-pronged approach, comprising surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy (2). However, cancer treatment efficacy is frequently inadequate and disease is often recurrent, and in such cases, virtually all patients eventually succumb to the disease. Patients with recurrent or metastatic disease are generally incurable and are not eligible for multimodal curative treatment. The goals of cancer treatment are prolongation of overall survival, palliation of existing symptoms, prevention of new cancerrelated symptoms, and improvement in the quality of life (3). Therefore, the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies of cancer is necessary.In the past 25 years, immunotherapy has been added as an important component of cancer treatment and is expected to provide a new strategy for cancer therapy (2). Rosenberg et al (4) introduced lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) therapy as a form of immunotherapy, but frequent adverse reactions to those cells activated with IL-2 were found and an adequate clinical effect was not achieved, resulting in a decrease in favor for the LAK therapy (5,6). Recently, it has become wid...

：Synovial chondromatosis is a disease with cartilaginous metaplasia of the connective tissue in the synovial membrane, but reports of synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint （TMJ） are rare. Many reports of synovial chondromatosis in the region include images of calcification in the radiological imaging examination. However, it is difficult to diagnose the disease state in the case of an image without calcification. In this paper, we report that magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and fine-needle aspiration cytology （FNAC） were useful for diagnosing synovial chondromatosis without calcification in radiological images. A 35-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a slight preauricular swelling in the left TMJ region. The calcification image was not found in the region by orthopantography and computed tomography. The MRI revealed a low T1 signal and high T2 signal. The FNAC revealed that it was not chondrosarcoma or synovial sarcoma, but was highly suspicious of chondromatosis. When the left upper articular cavity was opened, there were many cartilaginous loose bodies, and so resection of all these bodies and synovectomy were performed under a diagnosis of synovial

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