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Conifer and broadleaf trees emit volatile organic compounds in the summer. e major components of these emissions are volatile monoterpenes. Using solid phase microextraction ber as the adsorbant, monoterpenes were successfully detected and identi ed in forest air samples. Gas chromatography/mass chromatogram of monoterpenes in the atmosphere of a conifer forest and that of serum from subjects who were walking in a forest were found to be similar each other. e amounts of α-pinene in the subjects became several folds higher a er forest walking. e results indicate that monoterpenes in the atmosphere of conifer forests are transferred to and accumulate in subjects by inhalation while they are exposed to this type of environment.Please cite this article as: Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2015; 4(1): A0042

Clinicians agree that tooth agenesis regardless of gender or race becomes more prominent in recent societies. The congenital absence of one or more maxillary lateral incisors is a challenge to effective treatment planning for the restorative dentist. The one-sided orthodontic approach of moving canines mesially to eliminate restorative procedures also leads to compromise. Adult patients presenting with malocclusions, missing lateral incisors, and anterior crowding, who request esthetic solutions without proper orthodontic treatment will get compromised results. The avoidance of establishing a stable occlusion, proper alignment and proper axial inclination of the teeth compromises esthetic and periodontal results. Evaluation of anterior smile esthetics must include both static and dynamic evaluations of frontal and profile views to optimize both dental and facial appearance. This article presents how orthodontics is related with other specialties in treating congenitally missing lateral incisor. One case is used to illustrate how orthodontic treatment is progressed in collaboration with other specialists. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEPatients with missing teeth, crowding, midline deviation, unesthetic gingival contours, or other restorative needs may require the interaction between different specialists. For the successful treatment of orthodontic-restorative patients, interdisciplinary team management is vital.

Although the viscosity of aqueous solution of high methoxyl pectin is known to increase drastically when sugars coexist, the detailed mechanism for the increase in viscosity was not fully understood. Therefore, the viscosity of citrus and apple pectin solutions with various sugars compositions was measured with temperature varying from 5 to 40℃ to analyze the intermolecular interactions among pectin molecules. For single-composition pectin solutions, the activation energy for viscosity, E a , increased from 17.5 to 31.9 kJ/mol with an increase in pectin concentration up to 2% for the case of citrus pectin, reflecting the increase in pectin-pectin interaction. For pectin solutions with coexisting sugars, E a increased more with increasing sugar concentration. When compared at the same water activity, the increase in E a is also dependent on the type of sugar. Sugars with stronger solvent-ordering activity produced greater increases in E a . These results suggest that sugars increase the pectin-pectin interaction both through their own hydration effect, which enhances the hydrogen bonding among pectin molecules, and through the solventordering effect to enhance the hydrophobic interaction.