A total of 78 samples of street foods from different states in Malaysia were examined for the presence of Klebsiella pneumonia. K. pneumonia contamination was recorded in 32% of the samples examined. The frequency of the K. pneumonia isolates containing plasmids was shown to be 48%. Susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), erythromycin (100%), rifampicin (100%), streptomycin (96%) and sulfamethoxazole (80%), but susceptible to chloramphenicol. RAPD proved to be the most effective technique in discriminating the K. pneumonia isolates since dendrogram constructed using the combination of 4 primers could differentiate 25 isolates of K. pneumonia to 25 strains. This is the first report that revealed the occurrence of K. pneumonia in street foods sold in Malaysia.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan biosintesis nanopartikel perak menggunakan ekstrak rimpang jahe merah sebagai pereduksi pada suhu ruang. Sintesis dilakukan dengan pengadukan pada shaker (150 rpm) dan tanpa pengadukan dengan rasio ekstrak dan larutan AgNO 3 1:1; 1:3; 1:4; 1:5; 1:10 dan 1:20 pada berbagai rentang waktu pengamatan. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak jahe merah mampu mereduksi Ag + menjadi Ag 0 dan membentuk nanopartikel perak yang diindikasikan dengan adanya perubahan warna larutan. Nanopartikel perak dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan absorbansi maksimum terukur di sekitar 450 nm. Secara keseluruhan, sintesis dengan pengadukan menghasilkan produk dengan waktu yang lebih singkat dibanding tanpa pengadukan.

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Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd. (Blechnaceae) or Kelakai is a traditional medicinal plant found in the Indonesian islands of Borneo and Sumatra. It has been used to treat wound healing, infection, and diabetes. This study looked into the free radical scavenging activity, antiplasmodial activity, toxicity, and antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The species’ aerial part was extracted with methanol, followed by a liquid-liquid extraction against (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate). The extracts’ free radical scavenging activities were determined using DPPH and NO radicals. The antiplasmodial and toxicity assays were conducted using two Plasmodium falciparum strains (3D7 and W2) and the brine shrimp lethality test. In addition, antibacterial activity was determined using the well diffusion method. The results revealed that ethyl acetate depicted potential activities toward the assay. The ethyl acetate showed potential free radical scavenging activities with an IC50 value of 51.63 ± 0.46 μg/mL (DPPH) and 60.03 ± 0.65 μg/mL (NO). The antiplasmodial activities showed that the ethyl acetate had potential activities among the extracts with an IC50 value of 11.06 ± 0.45 μg/mL. However, all the extracts demonstrated nontoxic toward Artemia salina with LC50 > 1000 μg/mL. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate demonstrated intermediate susceptibility against B. cereus ATCC 10876, V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, and S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 at a concentration of 500 μg/disc. According to these findings, the ethyl acetate extract of S. palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd is a promising source of natural antioxidants and antiplasmodial agents.