The study focuses on speech patterns typically used in litigation documents issued at the stage of criminal proceeding initiation and pre-trial investigation, which belong to the genre of decree. It is stated that Russian Federation Criminal Procedure Code and most of the Comments to it lack any language requirements to the text organization in these litigation documents. The article is aimed at defining characteristics of the decree genre structure; in particular, lexical and grammatical means that are used in decree texts are equated to the language norms. Some most frequent cases of lexical compatibility violation within set expressions and cliché of litigation documents and their combinations are detected. The author adheres to the opinion that language norms violations may have legal consequences in qualifying offenses and their types. The analysis of syntactic structure of sentences reveals that there is no distinction in the linguistic category of event completeness, in the texts they are presented as hypothetical events. Several aspects of modality in decree texts are studied. The author lays down some requirements on composing a narrative part of the decree as a forensic genre, makes an assertion that it is time to formulate some firm linguistic criteria of decree documentation organization and indicate the consent on expediency of linguistic expertize.

Semantic and pragmatic characteristics of pharmacy ergonyms in Sweden and Great Britain. The analysis o the functioning of ergonyms in the onomastic space of different linguistic cultures is aimed at clarifying the idea of nominative processes in ergonyms. The material of the study was the names of pharmacies obtained by the method of continuous sampling from open sources (about 100 units). As a result of the study, semantic groups of ergonyms were identified, trends in their nomination were specified, and pragmatic characteristics were determined. It has been established that the leading trends in the nomination of pharmacies in Sweden and the UK are conservatism and symbolization. In the Swedish onomasticon, nominations containing zoonyms are the predominant type of pharmacy ergonyms (this is a tradition of naming pharmacies that has historically developed in this region), while the formation of names of pharmacies based on toponyms and anthroponyms is more typical for the UK. It is noted that for both linguistic cultures, the use of lexemes with a positive evaluative connotation in pharmacy ergonyms is typical. The common semantic feature of pharmaceutical ergonyms in Sweden and Great Britain is the creation of associative links with ideas about nature, naturalness, environmental safety, the signs of which are, in particular, green color, images of animals or plants.

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Статья посвящена практическим вопросам применения специальных познаний в области лингвистики с целью анализа товарного наименования. В частности, показано, как применение различных видов лингвистического анализа может быть использовано в спорах относительно определения различительной способности наименования, а лингвистическая экспертиза может быть одним из инструментов доказывания. Обусловлено это тем, что проблема установления наличия/отсутствия различительной способности части товарных наименований имеет внеюридическую природу: она связана с вопросами межъязыкового взаимодействия (калькирование; влияние иностранного языка на дискурсивную практику), а также процессами терминологизации и перехода имен собственных в нарицательные. На примере словосочетания «умный крем», которое широко используется в современном косметическом дискурсе, продемонстрирована методика анализа наименований, которые состоят из нескольких элементов, один из которых стал общеупотребительной характеристикой определенного класса продуктов.

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