Our paper focuses on the dynamics of development of human capital in economic development cycles (as described, for example, in the works of Becker or Barro). In the course of this research, we created an econometric model based on the modified Mankiw‒Romer‒Weil equation of the Cobb‒Douglas function which takes into account the factor of convergence/divergence and differentiation due to changes in the size of territories, population, volume of economies, and other parameters of the studied states and societies. The applied Theil index makes it possible (since it can be used as a “transition key”) to compare the dynamic time series of human capital development in the early industrial and post-industrial, knowledge, as well as the information cycles of economic development. Drawing on the historical experience of four industrial revolutions, our paper finds that, contrary to popular belief, which considers early industrialization to be a largely unfettered process and human capital development to be a by-product, the Industrial Revolutions actually contributed to the formation of human capital by fostering new technologies and opening up opportunities for personal development for a large number of people, as well as creating a large numbers of new jobs and significantly increasing productivity and wages. Our approach makes it possible to calculate the development of human capital for each cycle of economic development according to separate formulas and then compare them in one dynamic series. Our results might be relevant for stakeholders and policy-makers in the countries largely relying upon the export of their natural resources who might want to attempt changing their dependency and to invest in the formation of a knowledge-based economy based on the high-quality human capital.

The article presents the results of the research that is being carried out with the financial assistance of the Russian Federation Government represented by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The unique identifier reference number for the project is RFMEFI60115X0007. The hypothesis of the paper supposes that innovation process can be decomposed to the level of separate stages, whose efficiency and effectiveness can be assessed with the help of suitable key performance indicators (KPI).

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In the process of youth policy development, the main issue that deals with the area of young people motivation is the inclusion of young people in innovative ventures and research and development processes happening not only in the country but also in the world. As modern society challenges young people, the future leaders, to actively interact with social institutions in different spheres like economic, political and religious, the leading role of youth could not be disclaimed. Youth initiatives in the field of science and innovation and their desire for independent participation in the life of society and the state allow them to implement leadership needs and interests. Although youth work has been recognized greatly in comparison to the past, there is still a need to contribute a lot to work practices. Many organizations expect their young employees' outcomes, but not all types of activities result in many proliferating outcomes. The youth sector is gaining a growing emphasis on professionalism and collaboration. And it is becoming possible only meeting the priorities set by young employees, responding to the individual needs and wants of young people. The disconnection between the purpose and the expectations is serious. However, it may indicate that in the near future the contribution of young employees will be a trend. Our paper analyses the theoretical aspects and philosophical approach to the disclosure of the concepts of motivation among young people in the field of leadership and innovation.

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the university environment on the development of the research potential of students, as well as build a model for identifying and retaining talented graduates in universities based on the concept of open innovation. In the study, sociological and statistical methods were used: a questionnaire survey of students and teachers of the Financial University, a correlation analysis of the results, as well as an analysis of the practices of working with gifted students in leading world universities. In the course of the study, it was found that students oriented towards further education showed a great subjective significance of research activity. In the conclusion, the authors present a model of ‘healthy’ academic inbreeding, developed in accordance with the concept of open innovation, which is designed to promote the ‘talented’ inbreeding, minimising the possible negative aspects of this phenomenon. The study results indicate the importance of the model since a significant part of students have a predisposition to inbreeding but some of the tools that motivate them to participate in research activities are insufficiently formed.