As part of the research a conceptual interpretation of research practices witnessed an essential condition for value policy as a factor of state administration efficiency as well. Following the results of a sociological study conducted by the authors, a hierarchical structure of value policy efficiency in the Russian Federation has been presented based on the criteria of significance and satisfaction level of public values in modern society. The level of the cumulative efficiency of modern value policy at the present stage of its implementation has been determined quantitatively and qualitatively. The optimal structure of value policy and state efficiency in Russian society has been substantiated, the basic public values of which should become a group of public values. It has been found that the legal and moral public values are secondary to social ones and represent public values of a higher level in today's society in the Russian Federation as well. This approach will be the basis for improving the theoretical basis of value policy. It will serve as a fundamental basis for improving state administration in the Russian Federation.