The spate of the descriptions of omens in medieval literature, including chronicles, seems to be poorly researched. The purpose of this article is to trace the omens that were looked for in medieval times, how people reacted to them, and how these are recorded in the Ukrainian chronicles. Fragments of the Chronicle of Novgorod describing various celestial omens are analysed here. This may fill a gap in historical research since the omens recorded in these chronicles have not been adequately researched so far.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the ratio of external and internal sources of state sovereignty. It is found that sovereignty cannot be established without external sources, and the sovereignty of the state is to establish external relations with other states as political monads, i. e. coexisting political substances. At the same time, the sovereignty of the state is closely interconnected with the idea of national identity: the justification of sovereignty is the integration of all cultural groups of the country around the idea of national identity, which is the subject of protection of state sovereignty. The national idea acts as the main source of legitimation of the state’s sovereignty, and the national identity acts as a mechanism for combining the national idea and the state’s sovereignty. In today’s globalized society, national identity appears not as an opponent of internationalism, but as a prerequisite for building international relations in recognition of the sovereignty of states that have their own national idea. The global state appears not as a replacement for the nation-state, but only as a principle of interdependence and expression of the need for cooperation between modern nation-states. Global civil society creates a need for the principle of multilateralism in the interaction between modern states, i. e. the need for their constructive interaction based on mutual respect for the idea of national identity and its derivatives — national interests, national values and so on. The strategic provision of internal sources of state sovereignty, especially a clear link between national identity and the integrated national idea, makes possible and appropriate to turn to external sources of state sovereignty.

Автором викладена концепція національної ідентичності, яка вміщує в себе як етнічну складову, так і громадянську (політичну складову). Акцентовано увагу на тому, що в різні історичні періоди може актуалізуватися одна з них. Стверджується, що у складі національної ідентичності країн, що використовують демократичні зразки для самоствердження, громадянська складова відіграє ключову роль.

No abstract