The increased role of the sub-optimal land to support food security continue to be encouraged in Indonesia, given the more limited expansion for potential land. But until recently, development of sub-optimal land becomes not an easy thing. Ecological and technical barriers became the main issue. A series of these issues resulted in a high number of underemproleymeny and poverty in agriculture region. Technological inovation of agriculture and the business diversification can be seen be the solution to those issues. This research aims to analyze the impact of the technological innovation and business diversification on underemployment, working time, household income and also sustainable livelihoods of farmers on the sub-optimal land. The research was carried out in Pemulutan District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The objects of research are farmers which adopter and non adopter technological innovation, and also work outside of paddy farming (business diversification). The research method is the survey. Method of sampling is stratified random sampling. Data obtained in the field analyses using descriptive statistics and inferesia. The results showed there are positive impact of technological innovation on the allocation of working time farmer households, the numbers underemployment, household income and livelihood sustainability. Determinant factors for farmers in applying technology and business diversification are paddy farming income, offfarm income, and age. The use of technology and business diversification proves to be one of the positive scenarios for sustainable livelihood of farmers in sub-optimal land.

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Indonesia is the second biggest natural rubber producer in the world; however its processed rubber has low quality and price. This is because the rubber plantation most cultivated by non estate plantation (smallholding plantation). Central government of Indonesia has developed some policies to overcome this problem and one of them is to establish the Processing and Marketing Unit of Rubber material or PMUR ('UPPB') since 2008. However until 2014 only a few farmers (around 5%) had sold their products with PMUR and most farmers sell their products through traditional marketing channel. This study's aims are to discuss how big impact the existing of new marketing channel (PMUR) to farmer's income is. Study conducted in two districts (Banyuasin and Musi Rawas) of South Sumatera Province, which represent two kinds of marketing channels, those are the auction market system and the partenership market system. Sampling taken of 64 farmers (as respondents), represent participant and non participant of new market system. Data collection was done in April to September 2017. The result of this study shows that there are significantly different income for farmer's participants (PMUR) and non participants (non PUMR). The farmer's income at the auction system is higher (abaout 57%) and the farmer's income at the partnership system is higher (about 64%) than traditional marketing system. However income of both new marketing systems or PUMR (auction and partnership systems) are not significantly different. KEY WORDS Auction, partnership, rubber, income, processing and marketing unit.

Conversion of land encompasses not only changes inthe use of land for cultivation of food to non-food product but also includes the conversion of land in use to unused land. Changes in the management of water in the area of agro-ecosystem in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District has resulted in a change of use of paddy swampy land. Research was aimed :1) to analyze the differences in the income of farmers of rice due to the changes management water in the area of agro-ecosystems; and 2) to analyze the level of welfare of the rice farmers after adapting to the current environmental conditions. Research was carried out in the Belanti Village, Sirah Pulau Padang District, Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Location was selected purposively as the village was exposed to routine annual flood since 2008. The farmers has experinced crop and harvest failure, despite the fact that it has served as rice granary since 1992. As survey method with structured questionaires was applied in this research. Sampling was conducted purposively against 42 rice farmers who experienced crop failure. The primary and secondary data were collected and then subjected to land rent value analysis and t-test analysis. Results showed that: 1) changes in water management have reduced household income of farmers by 50.06%; and 2) the level of welfare of rice farmers is still low even though they have made adaptation efforts. To improve the quality of living for farmers affected by flooding, there is a need for integrated cooperation between the government of the country, palm plantation companies, and farmers.

as the details of the indicator is the level of knowledge by both criteria, the complexity of the criteria was, the level of compliance with good criteria, the level of ease've seen good results with the criteria, and the rate of profit relative to the criteria. Income of farmers in rice farming activities in the village of Karang Sari Kecamaatan East OKU District III Belitang average of Rp 34.438, 094 / lg / y by using ecological engineering (refugia) in the village of Karang Sari Subdistrict Belitang East OKU District III. Based on the results of the analysis of statistical tests using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient with n = 20 Obtained by the calculation, the calculated value of 0648> table is 0,447, then the decision to reject Ho and accept Ha. This means that there is a positive relationship between the perceptions of farmers with paddy farming income of applying ecological engineering (refugia) in the village of Karang Sari Subdistrict Belitang East Oku District III. KEY WORDSPerception, integrated pest control, ecological engineering, technology.Needs of rice in Indonesia have not decreased, but increases from year to year, along with the increase of population is. In order to increase food production of rice, the government is trying to boost paddy production in order to reach self-sufficiency. Many ways are used by the government to increase rice production in the country, mainly to do with the intensification (modern agriculture), among others, with new varieties, fertilizers, and chemical pesticides that can make the problem of pests and diseases is increasing and growing environmental degradation. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a way to control plant pests, which is based on a consideration of the ecological and economic efficiency environmentally sustainable agro-ecosystem management (Untung, 2007). Principles of Integrated pest management (IPM) is use for healthy plants, preservation of natural predators, weekly, and farmers as integrated pest control experts. One of the implemation integrated pest management principles preservation of natural enemies by providing habitat and provide food for natural enemies is the usual form of grasses, flowers, and other vegetation on the rice land habitat (Karindah, et.al, 2011).Various efforts with integrated pest management (IPM), which is more eco friendly have been carried out. According to Baehaki (2016), put forward any strategy other than the