The article considers the phenomenon of the positive perception of gated communities in Lviv, with an emphasis on historical aspects of urban planning. The research has shown that under certain conditions, the existence of gated communities is necessary and their popularity is justified. Therefore, it is necessary to develop mechanisms to avoid their negative consequences. In order to understand how closed communities function, and to identify natural trends in the development of this type of facility, their formation in other parts of Europe was analyzed. The results show that this approach is common for the living environment, but that it has its own characteristics at the level of formal expression and functional content. Form and location in the city structure are not essential for the formation of gated communities, with their effective functioning and logical connection with the external environment being more important. There is also a contradiction between the current situation, which is to ensure the physical security of the inhabitants, and the principles of sustainable urban development aimed at the concept of barrier-free space.

The aim of the study is to formulate the basic theoretical positions and to substantiate the methodological approaches to the study of morphological characteristics of the city. They are connected with the process of studying of the form and structure of the city with the help of morphology as a science. The methodological basis of the study is the philosophical- ideological, axiomatic, systemic and interdisciplinary approaches.

No abstract

There is terminological ambiguity in the definition and understanding of a number of morphological concepts and categories in the theory and practice of urban planning. Such concepts are aimed at giving an objective assessment of the features and patterns of formation of the material and spatial environment of the city. We have proposed and substantiated the method of forming a morphological thesaurus. Morphological thesaurus is a kind of tool that is used to compile different knowledge within morphology at the general scientific level and urban planning at the special scientific level. Such knowledge emerged in the form of systematized and generalized morphological concepts and philosophical categories. They are capable to expand and develop the current understanding of morphology in the theory and practice of urban planning. This process is implemented in five logically consistent and complementary stages. At the first stage the basic morphological concepts and philosophical categories are collected. In some way they are able to reveal the most important aspects of morphological content in urban planning. At the second stage the grouping of morphological concepts and categories is carried out according to the sphere of their distribution: philosophical concepts and special scientific ones. Special categories are those that relate exclusively to the study of phenomena. They may be related to the formal characteristics of the actual situation and be an expression of their form and structure in accordance with the subject of the study. The third stage clarifies the basic morphological concepts and philosophical categories in accordance with the specifics of the object and subject of the research. The connections between the two groups and the set of concepts are established separately in each group in the fourth stage. They are defined in the second stage. So, a group of general philosophical concepts is represented by a set of philosophical categories: substance → quantity and quality → space and time; group of special scientific concepts is expressed by the following chain of concepts: morphology → morphological research → morphological structure → morphological feature → morphological type → morphological unit → morpheme. The fifth stage specifies the terms and detailed definition of basic morphological concepts and philosophical categories in accordance with the method of their application in the theory of urban planning.

The article identifies the problems faced by the Ukrainian architectural education and formulates the ways to overcome it. To formulate them, a survey was conducted among students studying abroad through the prism of comparing methodological approaches to the organization of the educational process and its content. The basic ones are those related to the practical component, technological equipment, the organization of the educational process and the relevance of the knowledge gained.