Abstract. We present a triple stream DBN model (T_AsyDBN) for audio visual emotion recognition, in which the two audio feature streams are synchronous, while they are asynchronous with the visual feature stream within controllable constraints. MFCC features and the principle component analysis (PCA) coefficients of local prosodic features are used for the audio streams. For the visual stream, 2D facial features as well 3D facial animation unit features are defined and concatenated, and the feature dimensions are reduced by PCA. Emotion recognition experiments on the eNERFACE'05 database show that by adjusting the asynchrony constraint, the proposed T_AsyDBN model obtains 18.73% higher correction rate than the traditional multi-stream state synchronous HMM (MSHMM), and 10.21% higher than the two stream asynchronous DBN model (Asy_DBN).

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The pandemic in 2020 made online learning the widely used modality of teaching in several countries and it has also entered the spotlight of educational research. However, online learning has always been a challenge for disciplines (engineering, biology, and art) that require hands-on practice. For art teaching or training, online learning has many advantages and disadvantages. How art teachers embrace and adapt their teaching for online delivery remains an unanswered question. This research examines 892 art teachers' attitudes toward online learning, using learning environment, need satisfaction, mental engagement, and behavior as predictors. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationship between these four dimensions during these teachers' participation in an online learning program. The results reveal significant correlations between the learning environment, need satisfaction, mental engagement, and behavior. Moreover, this study reveals the group characteristics of art teachers, which can actually be supported by online learning programs. These findings provide insights into how art teachers view and use online learning, and thus can shed lights on their professional development.

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